1. Standards and Guidelines

A. Road Design Standards:

• AASHTO Guidelines: The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) provides guidelines for roadway design, including turning radii and clearance distances for heavy vehicles. For specific recommendations on spacing and manoeuvrability, refer to the AASHTO "Green Book" (A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets).
• ISO Standards: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has vehicle dimensions and manoeuvring standards. ISO 1729:2013 covers the turning radius for vehicles.

B. Local Regulations:

• National or Regional Standards: Check for any local regulations or standards specific to your country or region that might provide guidelines for factory exits and heavy vehicle manoeuvring.

2. Maneuverability Analysis

A. Turning Radii:

• Vehicle Turning Templates: Use turning templates or swept path analysis to determine if the 32-meter distance allows heavy vehicles to make turns without infringing on other areas. Templates are available for vehicle types (e.g., semi-trailers, articulated lorries).
• Simulation Tools: Software tools such as AutoTURN or Vehicle Tracking can simulate vehicle movements and turning paths to assess whether spacing is sufficient.

B. Vehicle Dimensions:

• Design Vehicle Dimensions: Consider the dimensions of the most significant vehicles using the exits. Ensure the distance between exits accommodates their full manoeuvring envelope.

3. Case Studies and Best Practices

A. Case Studies:

• Industry Reports: Look for case studies or industry reports that discuss exit spacing and safety for factories or industrial sites. These reports often include real-world examples and solutions.
• Research Papers: Academic papers on traffic flow and heavy vehicle manoeuvring can provide insights into best practices and recommendations.

B. Best Practices:

• Safety Margins: Ensure there are safety margins beyond the minimum recommended distances to account for unexpected situations or variations in vehicle behaviour.
• Visibility and Signage: Ensure evaluateproper signage and visibility are maintained to guide drivers and reduce the risk of accidents.

4. Simulation Tools

A. Software Tools:

• AutoTURN: A software used for vehicle turning analysis and swept path simulations. It helps in evaluating if the turning movements of heavy vehicles can be accommodated within the given space.
• Vehicle Tracking: Another tool for simulating vehicle movements and assessing if the exit spacing is adequate.

B. Simulation Parameters:

• Vehicle Type and Dimensions: Input heavy vehicles' specific dimensions and types using the exits.
• Traffic Flow Scenarios: Simulate different traffic flow scenarios to evaluate the adequacy of the exit spacing under various conditions.

5. Practical Considerations

A. Field Observations:

• On-Site Assessment: Conduct on-site assessments to observe vehicle movements and identify any potential issues with the current spacing.
• Consultation with Drivers: Gather feedback from drivers to understand their experiences and challenges.

B. Expert Consultation:

• Traffic Engineers: Consult with traffic engineers or transportation planners for professional advice and recommendations tailored to your situation.

Conclusion

To ensure the 32-meter distance between the two factory exits is sufficient for safe traffic flow and heavy vehicle manoeuvrability, it is crucial to utilize design standards, conduct manoeuvrability analyses using simulation tools, and consider practical observations. Referencing guidelines from organizations like AASHTO, using tools like AutoTURN, and consulting with experts will help you make an informed assessment and implement any necessary improvements.