CRUCIAL ROLE OF NITROGEN IN IN- VITRO REGENERATION OF PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS SCHUM. AND THONN. ( NTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH, Projected Impact Factor (2017): 0.59 , ICV (2015): 90.24

ABSTRACT: Nitrogen plays a pivotal role in growth and differentiation of cells of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. Both form and amount of nitrogen in nutrient medium have significant effects on the rate of cell growth and differentiation. In this study, effects of different inorganic nutrients (KNO3  and NH4NO3) and organic nutrients (glycine) on regeneration of P. amarus were evaluated. Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) was used as basal medium along with plant growth hormones and different concentrations of nitrogen. Among the various growth hormones tried, BAP (0.5 mg/l) gave maximum number of shoots (17.33±0.86) after 3-4 weeks of inoculation. However, various strength of KNO3, NH4NO3 and glycine were optimized in the medium in order to get the maximum number of shoots, nodes per shoot, shoot length as well as the size of leaves respectively. Amongst all modifications, less or more, MS medium with standard amount of nitrogen source was found to be most effective. The shoots regenerated on MS medium along with BAP (0.5 mg/l) were subjected to their elongation on the same medium and their root induction was done on half strength MS medium along with IBA (0.5 mg/l). These complete plantlets were hardened and acclimatized in natural conditions. 80% survival rate was observed under field conditions.

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DEAR HAFIZ

The attached content has good information and it might be helpful to you.

greetings.

The effect of macroelements in the induction of embryogenic callus from immature embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

The effects of the concentrations of each of the five MS macroelements on the induction and morphology of embryogenic callus from immature embryos of wheat were investigated. Relatively high induction frequencies of epiblast callus were obtained over wide ranges of concentrations of the five salts: NH4NO3 10–20 mM, KNO3 0–40 mM, KH2PO4 0.31 –10 mM, CaCl2 0–24 mM and MgSO40–48 mM. For induction of scutellum callus, the optimum concentration range of salts was narrower than that for induction of epiblast callus: KNO3 0–20 mM, CaCl2 0–24 mM and MgSO4 0.19–12 mM. The presence of NH4NO3 was essential for the proliferation of embryogenic callus and a relatively high concentration (10 mM) was found to be optimum for the induction of both scutellum and epiblast callus. The presence of CaCl2, MgSO4 and KH2PO4 was not essential for the initiation of epiblast callus but strongly affected the further development of this callus and its differentiation potential. Phosphate showed a strong stimulation of the formation of leaf structures on the callus. The frequency of white callus was enhanced by four of the five macroelements at high concentrations and as high as 60% of primary callus could form white callus on some media. As the formation of typical embryoids of wheat has been previously reported as occurring with white callus, this study may provide a useful base for further work on factors affecting the formation of typical embryoids in wheat callus.

see full paper:Article The effect of macroelements in the induction of embryogenic ...

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Biotechnology Reports

Volume 10, June 2016, Pages 66-74open access📷

f nfluence of nutrient media on callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in selected Turkish crocus sps.

Article Influence of nutrient media on callus induction, somatic emb...

Abstract

Callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were initiated in selected five species of Turkish crocus using three diffrent explants (leaf, stem and corm) cultured on four different media (MS, GB5, LS and CHE). The highest frequencies of callus induction (100%) and shoot regeneration (70%, with 7.2 shoots/callus) were found in the crocus species Crocus oliveri ssp. Oliveri, using the MS medium containing 5% (w/v) sucrose supplemented with (4 mg/L NAA + 4 mg/L TDZ) and (2 mg/L IAA + 2 mg/L TDZ + 2 mg/L BAP). When the embryogenic calli were transferred into the four nutrient media containing (2 mg/L IAA + 2 mg/L TDZ) and 100 mg/L ABA, these further developed into cotyledonary embryos. Maximum number of somatic embryos (2.9 embryos per leaf explant, with a frequency 46.6%) was obtained in C. oliveri ssp. Oliveri. During subculture using the half strength media, cotyledonary embryos gradually developed into plantlets.

I have done various work on sugarcane and sweet potato. The papers which address some of the questions on callus types are there. There are also too many others which answer these questions.

Anoop Kumar Srivastava , Kulvir Singh

Thank you very much sir, its helpful.

Thanks again sir

Patrick S. Michael Thank you very much sir

Dear Hafiz

In the attachment, there is good information about the role of nitrogen in tissue culture that I hope will be useful to you.