ESBL stands for extended spectrum beta-lactamase. It's an enzyme found in some strains of bacteria. ESBL-producing bacteria can't be killed by many of the antibiotics that doctors use to treat infections, like penicillins and some cephalosporins. This makes it harder to treat.
Symptoms of ESB depend on what type of bacterial infection. For exmaple,
If you have a UTI, usually frequent urination us more often than normal and you may feel burning sensation. If you have a skin infection with ESBL, you may see reddened skin around the site of the infection and fluid coming out of the area.
If the infection is in your gut, you may notice a loss of appetite, blood in your stool,stomach cramps,diarrhea, excessive gas or bloating and fever.
A patient has an ESBL infection he already sought consultation with an MD and was prescribed antibiotics but he was not cured despite of the right dosage and duration of antibiotic intake. Upon check up the doctor will already know that he was dealing with extraordinary microorganism that will make him request for laboratory test to confirm the presence of fastidious microorganisms which include ESBL.
The symptoms which the patient will experience are persistent fever, dysuria, vomiting, loss of appetite for urinary tract infections cause by ESBL. Persistent diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal pain, body weakness and vomiting for infection enterocolitis of which ESBL is the offending agent. For pneumonia, the patient will experience severe coughing, difficulty of breathing and also fever.
the A bacterial suspension of Escherichia coli is made according to the 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard and an even lawn of bacteria was made on the Mueller Hinton agar petri plate (90mm). The screening for ESBL Escherichia coli is performed using ceftazidime (30 μg) disk and ceftazidime resistant strains are considered as screen positives. DDST is performed by using disks containing amoxicillin/ clavulanate on Mueller-Hinton agar plate at a 20 mm distance from the indicator drugs; ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg). ESBL production is seen by the clavulanate mediated enhancement of the activity of the indicator drug as a keyhole effect.11
11. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility tests . 20th ed. approved standard, CLSI document M100-S20. vol. 30. Wayne, PA: CLSI; 2010.
One of my articles, if you´d like read it.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27919513/
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