Hi Hud Hud

you can use either physical method, like electroporation or nonviral chemical method, like lipofectamine. Each method has its own advantage.

Basically, electroporation is the most efficient method for cell transfection. However, cells are quite affected by the process as it usually resulted in 50-70 % cell mortality. On the other hand, Lipofection is much more gently but the transfection efficacy is quite lower, compared to electroporation.

Both methods are RELIABLE for stable transfection. However, It will take some time before you figure out how to optimize the right protocol.

The integration of DNA vector into host genome is a rare event. Approximately one of 10000 transfected cell will stably integrate DNA; however, the efficiency varies with cell type. integration is most efficient when linear DNA vector is used.

Try a lipid delivery system like lipofectamine.

Sure, via chemical transfection (lipofection) or electroporation.

For ref. /protocoll se:

a) Circ Res. 2009 Mar 13;104(5):589-99. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.183905. Epub 2009 Jan 22.

(free full text see: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.183905?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed)

and b) J Hypertens. 2016 Feb;34(2):323-31. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000799.

You can use the invitrogen lipofectamine 3000 and Opti-mem for transfection

Hi

You can use lipofectamin and PEI reagent for mammalian cells transfection. According to the cell type you should optimize the transfection conditions, such as amount of the plasmid and carrier.

You can use plenty of other methods! Chemical reagents (and not only lipid-based like Lipofectamine!!), calcium phosphate, electroporation, magnetofection, microinjection...

Electroporation is the best way.