Rk Naresh IoT-based keyad systems in smart greenhouses use sensors to monitor and control conditions like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. For instance, temperature sensors ensure it doesn't get too hot or cold, while humidity sensors maintain optimal moisture levels for plants. These technologies can improve crop yield by up to 20% by creating ideal growing conditions.

Dr Rohit Kumar thank you for your contribution to the discussion

incorporates a battery monitoring system. This technology continuously monitors the battery levels, ensuring a stable power supply for the various IoT devices within the greenhouse. Furthermore, the smart greenhouse incorporates a smart irrigation system to efficiently manage water usage. IoT sensors monitor soil moisture levels, and based on the data collected, the system automatically adjusts irrigation schedules. This targeted approach to watering minimizes water waste and ensures plants receive optimal hydration, leading to healthier and more robustcropsA.Background: Traditional agricultural practices face numerous challenges, including climate change, resource scarcity, electricity, network connectivity and the need for increased productivity. Smart greenhouse technology leverages IoT and renewableenergy sources to overcome these challenges and promote sustainable agriculture.B.Solar Tracker System and Battery Monitoring: The integration of a solar tracker system allows the smart greenhouse to maximize solar energy capture by optimizing the alignment of solar panels with the sun's position.The incorporation of a solar tracker system in the smart greenhouse allows the solar panels to efficiently capture sunlight and maximize energy generation.Additionally, a battery monitoring system ensures efficient energy storage and usage.C.Temperature and Humidity Control: Precise temperature and humidity regulation are critical for plant growth. The smart greenhouse employs sensors and actuators to monitor and adjust these parameters. Automated window and exhausttriggers provide effective ventilation, maintaining an optimal climate inside the greenhouse.D.Manual Controller with 4x4 Keypad and OLED Display: For manual control and user interaction, a 4x4 keypad is integrated into the system, enabling users to adjusttemperature and humity settings. An OLED display provides clear and intuitive visualization of greenhouse parametersas showing in Fig 2and Fig 3E.Soil Moisture Regulation with Drip Irrigation: Maintaining the appropriate moisture level in the soil is vital for plant health. The system employs drip irrigation technology, utilizing soil moisture sensors and water pumps to deliver water directly to the roots, minimizing waste and ensuring efficient irrigationshown in Fig 7.F.UV Light Control for Photosynthesis: Controlling the light spectrum is crucial for optimizing photosynthesis. The smart greenhouse utilizes Lux sensorsystems to detect light intensity and adjusts UV light accordingly, facilitating healthy plant growth and productivity.G.Mobile Data Transmission for Remote Monitoring and Control: There is an additional system incorporates IoT capabilities to transmit greenhouse data to mobile devices, allowing users to remotely monitor and control various parameters. Real-time updates facilitate timely interventions and decision-making.but this features is additional to the main circuit board.H.Eco-Friendly Approach with Arduino-Based Motherboard: The smart greenhouse emphasizes eco-friendly practices by utilizing solar energy and minimizing resource consumption. The motherboard, based on Arduino, offers relay control for precise triggering and voltage regulation to ensure stable operation.II.PURPOSEANDEVALUATIONOFWORKThis in-depth research exploration takes us into the world of smart greenhouses, specifically in the demanding setting of Ladakh. Imagine a vast expanse of 59,146square kilometers, home to around 2.97 lakhs of people, where each household depends on greenhouses to grow crops. However, here lies a substantial issue: as summer arrives, the interior of these poly-carbonated greenhouses heats up tremendously, creating an environment that's practically hostile to crop growth.But that's not all. Some parts of this region lack steady access to electricity and the internet, which adds anotherlayer of complexity. Interestingly, previous attempts at using smart greenhouse technology have run into obstacles. Many of these efforts relied on traditional power sources and internet connectivity to monitor data, which doesn't really align with the situation in Ladakh. Also, the existing models have present temperature limits, which doesn't match the reality that different crops require different temperatures.Enter our innovative solution: a self-contained, standalone model that doesn't rely on outside power sources.

Osama Bahnas The system advocated appears t be an extract from some Consultancy Report and Figs referred are not enclosed. Green houses have been adopted widely in USA and Russia and at infancy stage in India to improve growth under controlled temperature and humidity thru Water Sprinklers and quality but requires techno-economic evaluation . Ladakh (UT under GoI) is good example for adoption being located at high altitude, covered with snow and severe cold in winter and high temperature and low humidity in summer and barren rocks with little water in open drains. Solar decentralized generation and wind mills with storage battery is a good combination of power generation. Battery electrolyte conductivity in winter gets affected and need special attention as also need protection form high temperature. High Structures need special designs due to wind blizzards. Road transport is hazardous and difficult in winter and most of material including soil for green houses required to be transported. Automation in all new technologies ( solar tracking, weather monitoring, battery monitoring including self check is essential. Solar Panels in vertical alignment is to be explored . Gas generating sets for local generations are essential as standby. . A Proto type of green house with automation control of techno-economical devices would be first required to be installed and monitor performance. NTPC (Public undertaking) has planned a Solar farm with storage battery system to improve reliability of power.

Dr Madan Sachdeva thank you for your contribution to the discussion