There are numerous ways to "immobilize" proteins on the surface, but you have to be more specific in order to get right answer. The missing details are: application of your chip (signal readout), type of proteins, materials used to construct the chip, etc...

dear Shubha,

protein immobilization is really a huge area. keep in mind however that for on-chip applications your proteins must be linked to the surface through crosslinkers compounds to allow the proteins to stay in its own 3d native fold. as Srdjan suggested, you should know the chemical features of the surface and those of your proteins then you can choose the right crosslinking method.

Matteo

What kind of function group do you have on your chip? NH2 or COOH or else?

Will covalent immobilization change the properties or functions of the proteins?

Hi Shubha,

According to the suggestions from all friends above, you can search a key word "protein immobilization methods". So you can find several methods such as chemically and physically protein immobilization to answer your need.

Some of the answers I received for a similar question I posted earlier can be found below:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_suggest_where_should_I_start_for_bio-sensing_test_based_on_propagating_SPR_with_real_samples

Receiving an excellent answer to this type of question is not easy, especially for people whose background is very different from a chemist or a biologist. Most of the answers I received were too generic and did not directly meet my expectations, and it took me a while before I got an answer that I was specifically looking for.

Let us know if you haven not found a right answer specific to your need yet. Can you share your experience (in regard to bio-conjugation and sensing) if you have already started doing some experiment on it and your success story, if you have any.