The duration of immunity following COVID-19 vaccination is still largely unknown.

https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/12/18/how-long-will-immunity-last-after-getting-a-coronavirus-vaccine/

Dear @ Muhammad Ghafoor Ali,

Generally It has been observed that, When we inoculate any individual with any drug. Then their body generally produce immunoglobulins that communicate with the virus and ward off later disease. However, due to unavailability of anti-COVID Medicine, It is not yet manifest how long those immunoglobulins will remain.

There is a lot of aspiration for this unexplored field of this translation investigation.

Let's together hope for the entire universe to get free from this pandemic.

No one knows it yet! It has to be tested. One has to search how does mRNA vaccine work with other viruses like HCMV. I think the mRNA Covid-19 vaccine has to be given in 2 doses. There are also groups who won,t be vaccinated (e.g., Children). So let us see what the near future publications would say about it. The problem I guess would be, the mutant strains of the Covid-19. I mean if the virus would somehow change its spike protein, the one that the human cells should produce from the mRNA vaccin to stimulate the immune system tp produce the corresponding antibodies, how would the vacinnated bodies behave? Fingers crossed anyhow! and stay safe!

From the early tests of the now initially accepted, and approved COVID-19 vaccine by Pfizer, 2 doses of the vaccines given at least 6 weeks apart, have shown 95% efficacy (1).

However, it is too premature to say if and when the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine will be needed. At best (but unlikely) it may cause life-long immunity, but only after months of follow up after 2 doses of vaccine, it would be possible to know what is the average duration of immunity.

1. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577

Dear Muhammad Ghafoor Ali,

It is not only you, all health care workers are waiting for answers to many questions as in the link below:

10 Questions Experts Still Have About the COVID-19 Vaccine

https://www.healthline.com/health-news/10-lingering-questions-even-after-the-covid-19-vaccine-is-approved

As the vaccination process has just started , we first will have to wait for at last 2 months for the second dose to be given and then test for the presence of antibodies formed if any. Whether or not we will need a booster dose of the vaccine will only be answered in the later course of time.

The length of immunity provided by COVID-19 vaccination is currently unknown. In all likelihood, the initial immune response will diminish over time. Nevertheless, the lowest amount of immunity needed to protect against the infection is yet to be established. In general, if low levels of vaccine-induced immune responses can prevent infection, then the vaccine will protect for a prolonged period. The opposite will happen if immune responses must be constantly kept high for protection.

Similarly, the length of immunity generated after SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. Some early evidence seems to suggest that natural immunity may not last particularly long.

Longer follow-up of clinical trial participants is warranted to determine the length of immunity after COVID-19 vaccination. To obtain a methodologically robust answer, however, there may be a need to maintain the placebo group of the studies, which poses an ethical question.

The duration of immunity following COVID-19 vaccination is still largely unknown.

https://www.bostonherald.com/2020/12/18/how-long-will-immunity-last-after-getting-a-coronavirus-vaccine/

If we take reinfection as a guide, here in Brazil, a nurse got reinfection after 145 of confirmed first infection. The second episode was considered reinfection due to the find that it was mutation different form the first infection virus. We have two confirmed cases of reinfection in the country.

Considering 2 to 3 months seeoprevalance, reinfections and waning antibody titres in natural infection, a school of thought even suggests that vaccine may be required twice a year.

Time will tell

6 to 8 months

https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/natural-immunity-covid-19-may-be-long-lasting

Desr Mr. Ali!

You pointed to an essential question. I would say now we must ensure that vaccines work well and people can be tested:

1) Nature (2020). COVID research updates: How 90% of French COVID cases evaded detection, News 21 December 2020, Open Access:

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00502-w

2) Ester Calvo Fernández, Lucie Y. Zhu ((2020).Racing to immunity: Journey to a COVID‐19 vaccine and lessons for the future, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Open Access:

Article Racing to immunity: Journey to a COVID‐19 vaccine and lesson...

3) Chadi M. Saad-Roy et al, (2020). Immune life history, vaccination, and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next 5 years Science  13 Nov 2020: Vol. 370, Issue 6518, © 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science, Open Access: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6518/811

4) Malik Peiris & Gabriel M Leung (2020). What can we expect from first-generation COVID-19 vaccines? The Lancet Volume 396, Issue 10291. Open Access: https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(20)31976-0/fulltext

Mutations are on the move, rendering predictions even more difficult.People have unique immunity response depending on their heath conditions.Further research is needed.

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

I can report that some people involved in health activities in the same hospital had covid in the light form in March with positive results for the swab and IgM and IgG. IgG was still present in August but in October, all had no antibodies.

Health department can inform about this in a better way

Thank you Prof. Sourbh Garg, Younis Skaik, Muhammad Yousuf

Thank you Prof. Hermann Gruenwald, Aroop Mohanty, Muhammad Yousuf, Savvas Lampridis, Arvind Singh, Vera Maura Fernandes de Lima, Pranav Ish,Nafees Mohammad, Bulcsu Szekely, Giovanni Colonna and Muhammad Ihsan

Thank you so much

Still, it is not clear

Md. Shahidul Islam

As one the conclusion that the vaccination has been in initial phases and hopefully after clinical trials better confirmed duration of immunity will be assessed.

So when will we know if someone who is sick should get the vaccine? Also, is there a serious risk for someone who has become ill, has not realized it and is getting the vaccine?

Since there are different vaccines, the duration of immunity of each vaccine differs from another.

The span of immunity following COVID-19 vaccination is still unknown.

How long the immunity will last following vaccination is largely undocumented as at date.

Thank you Prof. George Bouchos, Nathaniel Amedu, Talha Bin Emran, Shuaibu Suleiman

Dear Mr. George Bouchos

If somebody has active symptoms of COVID-19 then CDC has recommended to wait for vaccination unless recovered of disease and reached to criteria for end of quarantine.

Mr Muhammad

first thank you very much for your answer.

I got sick with mild symptoms and now

i have recovered. At now nobody of the scientific community mention weather someone like me shouldget the vaccine and if so when. simple logic says control of antibodies, but there is nothing official.

Your sincerely!

Agreed with Dear Arvind Singh

Since the length of immunity after vaccination is not known yet, it should be followed 'continuously'

We have found that COVID-19 antibodies (especially IgA) can be followed in a non invasive way in tears. In some cases specific IgA can even be detected in tears after disappearing in serum.

Moreover, with additional projects we will examine if tears can help us to differentiate between infected and infectious patients.

We have submitted our results to BJO a few days ago and hope for a fast publication.

Till now there is no proper vaccination of covid-19 is developed which guarantees vanishing of this Almaany. Hope in near future there will be so.

Dear Muhammad Ghafoor Ali

This is an interesting question, there is no clear information about this, recently there was even information that Covid 19 had mutated into a different form, but I have not received clear information about what the form of the covid 19 mutation was. Best Regards

Thank you Prof. Atiqe Ur Rahman, Peter Raus, Muhammad Arshad, I Putu - Artaya

Mr. George Bouchos

You may study following link for your question :

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html

Thank you very much Mr Muhammad.

According to the approximated Vaccine efficacy, initially two doses are essential to get hard immunity. It is expected that time interval can be 1-3 years. But still we need to wait few more times to ensure.

It is really hard to presume correctly because the time has taken to analyze the immune response is not sufficient.

We need to wait for the mutation rate also which increases the probability of non effective antibodies.

We don't have the answer yet

In current scenario, it is a mystery. But soon this mystery will be resolve.

First, we should wait to know whether current vaccines will able to neutralize the new strain (s). If the answer is no, then current vaccinations should be halted, due to the clear danger that they may cause massive/catastrophic harm to vaccinees due to well-known immunological phenomena, described for HIV, Dengue, influenza etc., such as immune interference, original antigenic sin/heterologous immunity.

Thank you Prof. Md. Kamrujjaman, Md. Alamgir Hossain, Dina Grutzendler, Mohammed Abu-Shukair, Sourbh Garg, Karen Manoutcharian, Farah Rebbouh-Nouiouat

I will like to know as well

one study published in journal New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group, stated that vaccine immunity is not fully understood. It may last 90 days .

https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/covid-19-vaccine-immunity-may-last-up-to-3-months-study/article33262876.ece

Thank you Prof. Adams Ovie Iyiola, Sinimol T Peethambaran

We have to wait and see. Since we have vaccines for SARS Cov2 with high efficacy I expect that the immunity will last at least for 6-12 months.

Probably we will have to wait before we can answer this question about the duration of persistence of antibodies. Studies have shown that the antibodies will stay for at least 2-3 months at least.

Based on a letter from La Jolla Institute published in the Nature, which proposed the superiority of covid-19 vaccine/s in generating stronger immune responses and more-effective protection against disease than does natural infection.

Generally our immune responses against coronaviruses do not last for a lifetime, several studies showed that antibodies start waning 6 months post infection. We can postulate that also antibodies in a response to vaccine may behave in a similar way.

Thank you Prof. Michael Voniatis, Aroop Mohanty, Mohammad Alkhatib

The fading antibodies to natural infection has not yet been studied in vaccine trials. Most vaccine trials have demonstrated a robust antibody response. It is possible that this antibody response is stronger with vaccine than natural infection as mentioned above in the letter published in nature.

Without Clinical trials, It is impossible to say anything...

But, Immunity Comparison of coronavirus with other virus is really appreciable...

We are already still hazy regarding successful clinical trial of vaccine . So our primary concern should be concentrated about standardisation of vaccine in mass scale . Then Immunity concerns - https://www.researchgate.net/post/Covid19_Vaccination-How_far_How_long

Who knows?

Thank you Prof. Pranav Ish, Sourbh Garg, Jaydip Datta

I'm still on my way too looking the answer. The answer rarely unknown.

I wish you all the days of 2021 to be happy and healthy...

Thank you Prof. Danung Nur Adli, Sourbh Garg

Message from Astrobiology: first global foci are linked geographically.

We have answer why.

It is difficult to give a definite opinion about the safety of the corona virus

You must wait to figure out the answer. However, in the current situation, immunity is vital to control the burden of the disease.

Thank you Prof. mohammad reza Malekzadeh,Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh

According to this latest communication in NEJM (7 January 2921) after 100 mcg doses of Moderna/s (US) vaccine, immunity was recorded 119 days after the first vaccination (90 days after the second vaccination) in 34 healthy adult participants in the same trial who received two injections of vaccine. I expect it will be more than 6 months (exact duration will be known after long-term follow-up)

Article Durability of responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccination

Thank you Prof. Muhammad Yousuf

The 95% efficacy of currently approved vaccines refer ONLY 7 days protection from severe disease. These % are for news agencies and shareholders. The experts are waiting the answers to two simple questions: (1) after 119 days there are still 95% of protection? ; (2) are vaccine-induced Abs neutralizing also new viral strain (s)? Curiously, the companies are not reporting yet data from hospitals to answer the first question and the results of simple nAb test: only 3-4 days need to answer the second question. Most probably, the companies already know the answer, then, guess why they are not reporting any data?

Also, see the link below.

https://www.zmescience.com/science/how-long-does-covid-19-vaccine-immunity-last-52352/

Look at

Preprint Does using multi-dimensional energy-momentum equation change...

Thank you Prof. Karen Manoutcharian, Arvind Singh, Bahram Kalhor

There can be numerous different approaches to answer the question. However, I feel, that solely depends on how well the virus modifies itself. Well, recently a handful of new mutations are happening I various protein. Spike Glycoprotein, Nucleocapsid and Orf1ab containing the most of them.

My recent article has been published regarding a detailed analysis of various mutations in structural and non-structural viral proteins. I'm adding the link herewith in case, you find it interesting.

Article Identification and Computational Analysis of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2

Stay Safe.

Thank you Prof.Tathagata Dey

This question is there on every one's mind. Whether it will be there for 119 days which corresponds to 4 months or will be more than that can only be known after a follow up study of the antibody titer of the people who receive both the doses.

Thank you Prof. Aroop Mohanty

Muhammad Yousuf in the "

Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination" - what is the lab test/value that they are evaluating? is it the same antibody structure by structure that would be found after someone had wild covid19? Or is the antibody they follow the antibody that is induced from the vaccine - and structure by structure different from the antibody that would be found with wild Covid. thank you.

Dear Allen Orehek

You are spot on in asking these questions. The problem with RNA viruses is that antibodies do not always indicate immunity. The examples are Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV antibodies in patient infected with HCV and HIV respectively.

Real test will be whether people who have had COVID-19 infection or have been vaccinated are really protected from developing COVID-19 after re-exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. At least at this initial stage, although there are salutary effect of COVID-19 vaccinations, but how it shapes up the COVID-19 pandemic, only the time will tell.

It is too early to know that COVID 19 vaccines how long it protection?

Thank you Prof. Allen Orehek, Muhammad Yousuf, Md. Shahidul Islam

The real answer is we don't know... yet. I wonder about it every day. One clue might be guessed from the the fate of Manaus, Brazil - it experienced two devastating waves of COVID-19 - one in April-May and the other one 7 or so months later. In the first wave, more than 75% of the people became seropositive for SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the city has reached herd immunity, by all accounts. Yet 5 months later it went through the second wave that was just as devastating as the first one - with the situation getting desperate enough for the hospitals to run out of oxygen. That makes me wonder if we will have to vaccinate people more often than once a year, as we used to do in case of flu. Only time will tell, of course, if vaccines provide longer lasting protection than disease itself - until then, any interpretation should be looked at with caution.

Thank you Prof. Vadim Markovtsov

There are reports showing that reinfection with variant virus is occurring (South Africa). No vaccine can induce stronger immune reponse than natural infection. The current vaccines showed significantly reduced protection against new variant viruses. You may vaccinate 5 times a year with modified versions of vaccine: the viruses are mutating much faster. Therefore these vaccines will not be effective.

Thank you Prof. Karen Manoutcharian

Vaccines are currently the only way to limit the infection. But there are too many negative opinions against vaccines. Even people without primary education express opinions (negative), people who do not understand anything but are "against". False "facts" are written. This prevents all of humanity from solving this serious problem.

For obvious reasons, due to the short time that has elapsed since the emergence of Covid-19, the pandemic and, even less, vaccines THERE ARE NO STUDIES -NOR CAN THERE BE THEM AS OF TODAY- prospective LONGITUDINALS that can assure us WITH EVIDENCE CONTRASTED the period of permanence and / or duration of the immunization ... it probably depends on the type of vaccine, but everything written to date on the matter DOES NOT STOP BEING HYPOTHESES AND SPECULATIONS: TIME WILL TELL IT!

Several weeks after the mass administration of the vaccines, the manufacturers themselves are unable to determine the actual effectiveness of the vaccines both in time and in space.

Therefore, the question arises: from a purely medical point of view, what are these vaccines for?

Need serosurveillence data in coming times and real time evaluation

Thank you Prof. Anton Georgiev, Francisco Javier Gala, Gioacchino de Candia, Pranav Ish

Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines may confer immunity for two to three years. However, it is likely that a booster dose will be needed yearly (1).

The immunity duration after COVID-19 vaccine may be more or less and the definite results will unfold on follow up studies.

1. https://www.verywellhealth.com/length-of-covid-19-vaccine-immunity-5094857

Thank you Prof. Muhammad Yousuf for updating about Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines

Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines or similar m-RNA vaccines may increase the risk of prion disease, according to this article:

COVID-19 RNA Based Vaccines and the Risk of Prion Disease

https://scivisionpub.com/pdfs/covid19-rna-based-vaccines-and-the-risk-of-prion-disease-1503.pdf

Third dose of Coronavirus vaccine may be needed to fight mutant variant threat

https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/third-dose-coronavirus-vaccine-needed-23460110

Thank you Prof. Muhammad Yousuf

Interesting Muhammad, thanks for the information.

Thank you Prof. Dina Grutzendler

Relevant question I think Israel will be the first country to make relevant research with Pfizer vaccination on this topic

Good and interesting question

Thank you Prof. Carsten Sauer Mikkelsen, Rajesh A M

we think it is possible to check IgA antibodies in a non invasive way in tears and on a daily base (with Schirmer's strips)

Prof. dr. Peter Raus

Agree @peter

Please check our slide prooving the existance of common "Zero source" of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The rest works concerning the issue can be found in my profile.

Poster Evidence from Astrobiology for COVID-19 cosmic origin

Thank you Prof. Peter Raus, Sourbh Garg, Alexander S. Kondakov

Muhammad Ghafoor Ali

Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine should provide immunity from disease for at least one year after vaccination.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/01/12/moderna-says-its-covid-19-vaccine-provides-one-years-immunity/?sh=7872ba2f68ae

Thanks!

Muhammad Ghafoor Ali

Bharat Biotech’s COVID-19 vaccine, Covaxin, is able to provide immunity against the disease for 9 to 12 months.

https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/bharat-biotech-vaccine-immunity/

Thanks!

Good. Thank you Prof. Arvind Singh