This is the fundamental question of chromatography theory as to why a sample injected as a narrow rectangular band, elutes as a Gaussian peak. Search plate theory of chromatography. What is your exact question?
I am not clear what you want to ask but let me explain. Column in HPLC is like a separator of chemical compounds which release chemicals one by one.As one type of chemical come out through column and reach to detector it gives some absorbance till it pass through the detector cell. This absorbance Vs time is plotted on HPLC graph and it is a representation of one peak at that HPLC chromatogram . In similar way column elutes compound by compound and we get several peaks at HPLC chromatogram.