In vitro testing evaluates various biological phenomena in specific cells without the distractions and potential confounding variables present in whole organisms. It is a straightforward research methodology.
Studies carried out in multi-well plates and petri dish provide controlled environments for in vitro testing, and they cannot replicate the conditions that occur inside a living organism. It is directly related to the primary target indication and most of the time in vitro activity values are based on the ability to bind to receptors, inhibit specific enzymes, or stabilize or destabilize multiprotein complexes.
The high in vitro drug potency does not necessarily predict in vivo benefit. The major disadvantage of in vitro tests is that no data are obtained on drug kinetics, metabolism, or toxicity. So, it is necessary to interpret in vitro data with caution, as these results do not necessarily predict the reaction of an entire living being. All the in vitro methods currently used for assaying potency should be regarded as ancillary screening tools that cannot be used to infer the in vivo effects.
For experimental animals, there are several factors which will have to be considered. They include factors such as the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the compound. All drugs act on a “target” – a specific disease-related process in the body that they modify. Understanding the PK and PD profiles of experimental drugs are essential steps in determining whether a drug can effectively reach this target in the body and then have the intended effect upon it.
Please note that in vitro potency is one of the important parameters representing efficacy potential of drugs and commonly used as a benchmark of efficacious exposure at early clinical development, while in vivo studies are generally carried out to check the dissolution profile of dosage form, rate and extent of drug absorption, and stability of the drug and dosage form.
The paper attached below will be helpful.
Article Potency and plasma protein binding of drugs in vitro —a pote...