Relative activity is expressed as the percentage of the control activity. Residual activity is the activity measured after a treatment supposed to affect in some way this activity.
It is often useful to calculate % inhibition due to a treatment, such as the addition of an inhibitor. The calculation can be written as follows:
% inhibition = 100 x [1-(X-MIN)/(MAX-MIN)]
MAX is the measurement for the uninhibited enzyme reaction.
MIN is the measurement for the fully inhibited enzyme reaction, or the reaction in which the enzyme has been omitted.
X is the measurement in the presence of the inhibitor.
A set of % inhibition measurements made at various inhibitor concentrations can be used to construct an inhibition curve, from which the IC50 can be calculated. The IC50 is the inhibitor concentration resulting in 50% inhibition of the enzyme.