I have observed that pH goes down during the preculture for three days, then when transfered to culture shake flasks, the pH goes up. I would like to cover all the factors that might contribute to this change?
Several factors could contribute to changes in pH during the preculture and fermentation stages of penicillin production using Penicillium chrysogenum. These factors include:
The growth rate of the microorganism: The growth rate of P. chrysogenum can affect the pH of the culture medium. As the cells grow and divide, they consume nutrients and produce waste products such as organic acids, which can lower the pH of the medium.
Carbon source: The type and concentration of the carbon source in the medium can affect the pH of the culture. For example, the metabolism of specific carbon sources, such as glucose, can produce organic acids that can lower the pH.
Dissolved oxygen levels: Oxygen is essential for the growth and metabolism of P. chrysogenum. High levels of dissolved oxygen in the culture medium can promote the production of organic acids, which can lower the pH.
Temperature: The temperature of the culture can affect the rate of metabolism and, therefore, the production of organic acids. Higher temperatures may lead to higher metabolism rates and more rapid acid production, which can lower the pH.
Agitation: The rate and intensity of agitation in the culture flask can affect the pH of the medium. Higher agitation rates may increase the oxygen supply to the cells and promote the production of organic acids, which can lower the pH.
Inoculum size: The size of the inoculum (the number of cells added to the medium) can affect the pH of the culture. A larger inoculum may lead to more rapid growth and acid production, which can lower the pH.
pH buffer capacity: The medium's pH buffer capacity can affect the culture's pH. A medium with a high buffer capacity will be able to resist pH changes, while a medium with a low buffer capacity will be more prone to pH fluctuations.
It is essential to carefully control and monitor the pH of the culture medium during penicillin production to ensure optimal growth and production of the antibiotic.