If there is curling mechanism in a magnetic nanoferrite such as Fe3O4 NPs which it is in the single domain range (but NOT in superparamagnetic range!!), the VSM result show narrow loop?? or It can show the hysteresis curve without any loop??
What kind of curling mechanism you are talking about? In magnetic hysteresis curve there are two mechanism involve domain rotation/nucleation.
And it is not necessary that the the small particle size will always give SPM. for ex http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304885317304717
Please elaborate your query properly so that we can provide you the necessary information.
Your results might obtained from VSM low-resolution (field steps) setup measurements. Hence you cannot conclude on narrow loop in hysteresis loop. It's impossible to show zero loop via hysteresis loop from VSM.
For superparamagnetic or not, please think about the domain size and you will have the correct answer.