Recent research has challenged the traditional view of integral ATP yields from NADH and FADH₂ during oxidative phosphorylation. Current measurements suggest approximately 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH₂, aligning with chemiosmotic calculations (Silverstein, 2005).
Silverstein T. The mitochondrial phosphate-to-oxygen ratio is not an integer. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2005 Nov;33(6):416-7. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2005.49403306416. PMID: 21638612.