Is there any protein that expresses on parental cell surface but dose not exist on its exosome's surface?
Hello Sepideh Moori
Exosome membranes contain plasma membrane proteins, including ligands and receptors that can promote their interaction with their target cells, and which can confer some degree of cell-specificity. This membrane composition also contributes to the low immunogenicity of exosomes upon their exposure to the systemic immune repertoire. However, exosomes are also enriched in a subset of factors during their biogenesis so that their compositions can significantly diverge from those of their parental cells, altering exosome membrane composition and functionality and allowing their discrimination from other circulating extracellular vesicle populations. For example, exosomes from a variety of different cell types exhibit enrichment in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and hexosylceramides and reductions in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, relative to the plasma membranes of their parental cells.
Many exosome-specific or -selective proteins are displayed on exosome membranes, including several tetraspanin proteins (e.g. CD81, CD82, CD37, and CD63) and proteins involved in cell adhesion and signaling, cytoskeletal structures, lipid rafts, and membrane trafficking. These include two members of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCORT) pathway, Alix and TSG101, which are frequently used as exosome markers because of their central role in exosome cargo sorting.
Please refer to the article attached below for more information.
https://academic.oup.com/pcm/article/3/1/54/5748340
Best.
It seems that cell surface proteins and exosome surface proteins should not overlap, given the pathways of exosomes derivation. Microvesicles are produced by cell bubbles, and their proteins should overlap with those on the cell surface. However, many reports now suggest that cell surface proteins are co-present on exosomes.
Sure, proteins for cell adhesion like integrins or ICAM are not expressed on Exosomes. As you may know, cell membrane and exosome membrane shares similar topology and EV's proteins are often derived from parental cell. However, during the biogenesis of EV by the ESCRT machineries and MVB budding, some proteins are recruited to the exosome surface such as tetraspanins CD9, CD86, and Cd81. So you might find some PM-derived proteins on EVs and vice versa.
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