Any literature evidence suggesting specific genes responsible/known to trigger the differentiation of a cancer stem cell (in any cancer) back to cancer cell kindly provide the reference and explanation.
As a pathologist I have so far not yet found a lucid definition of "Cancer stem cell" that clearly distinguish it from normal stem cell and other cancer cell. Can anyone give me a definition? All cancer cells can proliferate endlessly, meaning that they are self-renewal. Attached our perspective that mentioned our opinion.
Hello
Agreed with Joshua Liao
A cancer stem cell (CSC) is a cell within a tumor that possesses the capacity to self-renew and to generate the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. Some say that CSCs are a more quiescent cell population of cancer cell .It is the first conclusive evidence for cancer stem cells , Bonnet and Dick isolation of a subpopulation of leukaemic cells that express a specific surface marker CD34, but lack the CD38 marker. Later studies discovered that some other malignant tumors, including cancers of the: brain, breast, colon, ovary, pancreas and prostate, have a same surface marker with varying self-renewal capacities, degrees of differentiation, and clonogenic and tumorigenic potentials and the differences between cancer stem cell and the more differentiated cancer cells in vitro , CSC have ability to division and give large numbers of cancer cells , while the cancer cells giving limited number of cells when it divides . may be due to the stability of telomeres length after cell division. This means that the cells are not subject to the aging effect and apparently have an infinite replication potential . also able to resist chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Stem-like tumor cells have been identified using cell surface markers , we commonly use markers specific for normal stem cells of the same organ . such as CD133 (also known as PROM1), CD44, CD24, EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule, also known as epithelial specific antigen, ESA), THY1 and ATP-binding cassette B5 (ABCB5).
CSCs in Breast : CD44+CD24-/low, SP,[38] ALDH+
CSCs in many brain tumors: including CD133, SSEA-1 (stage-specific embryonic antigen-1), EGFR and CD44.However, there is uncertainty about the use of CD133 for identification of brain tumor stem-like cells because tumorigenic cells are found in both CD133+ and CD133- cells in some gliomas.
CSCs in human colon cancer : CD133, CD44 , CD166 and ABCB5,
CSCs in prostate identified in CD44+ α2β1+,TRA-1-60,CD151,CD166+ or ALDH+ CSCs in lung : CD133+, ALDH+, CD44+, and oncofetal protein 5T4+.
As for differential gene expression between the two populations, that seems to vary based on which cancer you are talking about. If you do a PubMed or Google Scholar search for cancer stem cells and the cancer you are interested in, you'll likely get numerous papers that describe differential gene expression. The ones that are specifically used for their isolation, or for which there may be a readily available therapeutic target are likely the most important.
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