Dear Sir/Madam, I got some ripple in the formation of PVA/ZnO nanocomposite film after heating at 40 °C, how can i control these ripples?

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Stefan Zitz

Haven't touched an experiment in a long time, my idea would be to decrease the temperature gradient.

Can you decrease the heating power and let it heat up for a longer time?

But this does not help to control the ripples it will merely slow them down.

Jules Lloyd Hammond

Toijam Suma Chanu ,

As Stefan Zitz suggests, if it is caused by residual stress, a more gentle ramp in the temperature should help.

Can you provide any further details? Such as the volume, area, density?