Zhwan Sktani To go from mol% to weight per cent requires the molecular mass of the entity (for ZrO2 this is 123.218 g/mol). For conversion from weight to volume requires the density of the material. For ZrO2 this is 5.68 g/cm³ and this is the basis of the answer to the question in the first post.

Consult a chemist friend - they do this type of thing all the time.

Dear Dr. Zhwan Sktani,

I suggest you to have a look at the question present on RG at:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_convert_weight_percent_to_volume_for_composites_materials

and and the nice explaination of Dr. Vadim Verlotski.

Of course, the amount of stabilser (particularly Yittria) affects the conversion from vol.%, and should be considered as another factor in the calculations.

Best regards, Pierluigi Traverso

Dear Dr Pierluigi Traverso

Thank you very much for your kind support. I am very grateful for yourkind response.

Yours Sincerely,

Zhwan

Zhwan Sktani To go from mol% to weight per cent requires the molecular mass of the entity (for ZrO2 this is 123.218 g/mol). For conversion from weight to volume requires the density of the material. For ZrO2 this is 5.68 g/cm³ and this is the basis of the answer to the question in the first post.

Consult a chemist friend - they do this type of thing all the time.

Dear Professor Dr. Alan F Rawle

Thank you very much for your valuable suggestions. I have got some idea regarding to mol. % conversion to wt.%. However, if a stabliser (for example: yittria) added to ZrO2, how the mol. % balanced with wt. %?

The vol. % to wt. % conversion is more clear.

I hope other colleagues' (especially whom have a chemistry background or dealt with ZTA and other ceramics for a while ) response and thier sharing.

Thank you very much,

Zhwan

Zhwan Sktani For additions to your system then you need to know the molecular mass (easy) for the extra entity or entities. For yttrium (III) oxide we have a molecular mass of 225.81 g/mol. So, as an illustration, if you have 50 mol% of yttria and 50 mol% of zirconia (molecular mass = 123.218 g/mol) in a system, then one mole of the total system will contain (0.5 X 225.81 g) of yttria and (0.5 X 123.218 g) of zirconia or 112.9 g yttria and 61.6 g of zirconia for a total mass of 174.5 g. This is 64.7 wt% yttria and 35.3 wt% zirconia. You can proportion other components and masses accordingly. As I said earlier, consult a chemist in your institution. This is 9th or 10th grade stuff... Check my calculations too...

Zhwan Sktani By the way (BTW), in any publication you may wish to give both mole and weight %'s to avoid any confusion in the reader's mind.

Thank you very much Professor Dr. Alan F Rawle for your kind explanation and clear step by step understanding. I can work easier with my review paper

Zhwan Sktani I am not a professor but, thank you for the compliment. I am simply a person with time share on a neuron. It was my turn this week...

It is reasonable to use molar percentages in scientific work. For technical (applied purposes), it is more logical to use weight percentages, as for volume fractions (or percentage) - I can’t imagine wherever this is relevant (for solid solutions; volumetric concentrations are usually used for liquids). In general, the conversion between different concentration units is well described in chemical textbooks.

Vadim S. Gorshkov Thank you for your useful comments.

Just to add something minor - volume proportions would be used in light scattering (equal volumes of material scatter equal amounts) as a consequence of the Gladstone-Dale approximation.

Dear Zhwan,

I think Professor Rawale is ok with his approach.

Molar mass of ZrO2 = 123.2228 g/mol

This compound is also known as Zirconium(IV) Oxide.

Convert grams ZrO2 to moles or moles ZrO2 to grams

Molecular weight calculation: 91.224 + 15.9994*2

Mol% calculation

One mole (abbreviated mol) is equal to 6.022×1023 molecular entities (Avogadro's number), and each element has a different molar mass depending on the weight of 6.022×1023 of its atoms (1 mole).

wt% calculation

Solutions are sometimes represented in terms of relative percent concentration of solute in a solution.To determine the weight percent of a solution, divide the mass of solute by mass of the solution (solute and solvent together) and multiply by 100 to obtain percent.

Ashish

Dear Professor Dr. Ashish Thakur

Thank you very much for your kind response. It make me more familiar with the mol. % solution and its conversion to wt. % or vise versa. The reason is attributed to writing a review paper which using different parameters such as vol. %, mol. % and wt. % make the comparison between different ZTA ceramics is difficult.

Your response and other valuable contributions are useful for more improvement to calculate the right wt. %

Sincerely,

Zhwan

you can run the calculation, but here is a rough indication how things should go from the TBC literature:

Constituents of TBC system:

"Thermal barrier coatings are primarily a system consisting of a ceramic top coat layer comprising zirconia (ZrO2) ‘partially stabilised’ with about 6–8

wt-% (3.4 to 4.5 mol.-%) yttria (Y2O3) generally

referred to as 7YSZ or YSZ" sometimes 7-9 mol % YO1.5 is also used.

Dear Professor Dr. James Smialek

Thank you very much for your encouraging answer.

I use ZTA ceramics for structural applications. It is usually consists of Al2O3 and ZrO2 (stablised with yittria, 3.0 mol. %). Most of my previous works and reviewed works consists of 80 wt. % of Al2O3 and 20 wt. %of YSZ (yittria stabilised zirconia).

To be more accurate, the ratio between Al2O3 / YSZ is always 4 when other additives (oxides such as CeO2, CaO, MgO, La2O3, SrO, ...) added with various ratio to tailor ZTA microstructure, and consequently, its mechanical properties.

Thank you very much for your contribution.

Yours sincerely,

Zhwan

I think Professor Rawale is ok with his approach.

Molar mass of ZrO2 = 123.2228 g/mol

Thank you very much dr Abdelkader Dehbi I follow his approach

Abdelkader Dehbi

Why is your answer identical to the first 2 lines of that provided by Ashish Thakur above?

Why did you not copy his entire answer?

dear @Zhwan Sktani , you can use attached file to change volume fraction to weight fraction

Thank you very much Hassan Delavar for your kind contribution. I am grateful for your kind support.

it will be helpful for my case. Many thanks