Dear Zhwan Sktani, they are the same. Please check the following document. My Regards

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2015.02.003

Dear Zhwan Sktani, they are the same. Please check the following document. My Regards

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2015.02.003

Dear professor Abdelkader BOUAZIZ Thank you very much for your kind contribution.

I am writing a review paper now. I found numerous works regarding to the flexural and bending strength for ceramic materials. They used these two terms interchangeably and sometimes mentioned to one without referring to the other. That is why I am confused.

Hi

It seems that both are the same, but it can be said that in the tensile strength test, the force is applied from both sides of the specimen at an angle of 180 degrees, but in the flexural strength test, the force after the specimen is due to the distance between the force input surfaces. It bends and its dimensions can be different.

But due to the fragility of ceramics, their strain stress curves are linear and the yield strength, tensile strength and fracture toughness are the same.

The following article may be helpful.

Article Mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete incorporat...

Hi;

Flexural strength, bending strength, and transverse rupture strength are the same.

With my best regards

The role of randomly distributed defects is decisive, leading to a large scattering in the measurements. The statistics are usually described by the Weibull law. It leads to a significant difference between the measurements made in bending and tension. The flexural strength is higher than the tensile one. Indeed, for two samples of the same size, only one half of the sample is stressed in bending while the whole is in tension, then fewer defects are involved in bending. Nevertheless, the Weibull law often underestimates the flexural strength. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631072115000261

When a material is bent only the extreme fibers are at the largest stress so, if those fibers are free from defects, the flexural strength will be controlled by the strength of those intact 'fibers'. ... Therefore, it is common for flexural strengths to be higher than tensile strengths for the same material. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_strength

At the outside of the bend (convex face) the stress will be at its maximum tensile value. ... Most materials generally fail under tensile stress before they fail under compressive stress, so the maximum tensile stress value that can be sustained before the beam or rod fails is its flexural strength. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexural_strength

Dear Farrokhfar Valizadeh Harzand

Thank you very much for your kind contribution.

I am writing a review paper now. I found numerous works regarding to the flexural and bending strength for ceramic materials. Few papers used the term of flexural strength while others using the term of bending strength. Unfortunately, no a clear distinction was made between them.

My concern is how to distinguish (or to be sure) why some papers use the bending strength and others use flexural strength IF both of them are same?

Dear Professor Doufnoune RACHIDA Rachida

Thank you very much for your kind contribution.

I am writing a review paper now. I found numerous papers published in determining the flexural and bending strength for ceramic materials. Few papers used the term of flexural strength while others using the term of bending strength. Unfortunately, no a clear distinction was made between them.

My concern is how to distibguish (or to be sure) why some papers use the bending strength and others use flexural strength IF both of them are same?

I am keen to be sure before going ahead to complete the review paper about various mechanical properties (including strength) of ceramic materials.

Dear Dr Chinaza Godswill Awuchi

Thank you very much for your kind contribution.

I am keen to know the difference between these terms. I found numerous works regarding to the flexural and bending strength for ceramic materials. Few papers used the term of flexural strength while others using the term of bending strength. Unfortunately, no a clear distinction was made between them.

I have read the wikipidea, however, it makes comparison between tensile and flexural strength which they are different. My concern is how to distibguish (or to be sure) why some papers use the bending strength and others use flexural strength IF both of them are same?

Dear Sir

I think the two terms are same

Dear Zhwan Sktani,

I think both are the same. You may know, sometimes the authors have a plagiarism issue during the writing process of their papers. To decrease the similarity index of a written text, we should use different words and synonyms. Such limitations may cause using various terms for one concept.

I am very thankful for both Dr Mehdi Shahedi Asl and Dr Ahmed Fadhil Hamzah

Your response is appreciated.

Indeed, avoiding plagiarism is one of the possible reasons.

Mechanical property testing methods and the visible results often influence the choice of words used to describe them. The visible results are often dependent on the materials being tested.

Tensile strength and yield strength are measured using a standard test procedure that applies a tensile load to a standard specimen along its axis that stretches and deforms the part until it fails. Yield strength is defined by the load needed to stretch the material - usually a metal for most of us witnessing such tests - until its cross section is reduced by a set value. Tensile strength is defined as the load needed to pull the specimen until it breaks into two parts. Bending tests apply a load perpendicular to the axis of the specimen until it permanently deforms (yields). The standard for performing such tests distinguishes materials that break before yielding, from materials that yield before breaking and then materials that merely flex and neither break nor yield after the test maximum load is reached.

Ceramic materials subjected to the same tests do not exhibit the same behavior as more common metals. More specifically, they do not change their cross section under tension - they remain intact basically, until they break. In bending they also do not yield before breaking - they "flex" and then they break into two parts if the load exceeds the material's stress limits. So, someone along the way apparently felt calling that a bend test, and the result the bend strength, somewhat at odds with what they observed for materials that don't actually yield in bending.

This is a relatively minor issue with language. Electrical engineering is another story altogether with nearly everyone encountering a "property" from a different point of view coining their own name for the same physics based phenomenon.

Dear Zhwan,

You can use the following articles to get the answer of your question:

1. Quinn, George D., Brian T. Sparenberg, Philip Koshy, Lewis K. Ives, Said Jahanmir, and Dwayne D. Arola. "Flexural strength of ceramic and glass rods." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 37, no. 3 (2009): 222-244.

2. Štubňa, I., P. Šín, A. Trník, and L. Vozár. "Measuring the flexural strength of ceramics at elevated temperatures–an uncertainty analysis." Measurement Science Review 14, no. 1 (2014): 35-40.

Dear James Smith

Thank you very much for your comprehensive response. It is clear and straightforward.

Dear Dr Azeez Barzinjy

Thank you very much for your sharing. It is understandable that both terms for ceramic materials refers to the same mechanical strength evaluation . It is highly appreciated.