Serum fetuin-A and osteocalcin are two molecules that have been extensively investigated in the context of vascular calcification in individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Fetuins, including fetuin-A, are a class of hepatically synthesized proteins distributed throughout the bloodstream. These compounds have been recognized as agents that impede the process of vascular calcification. Previous research has indicated a correlation between decreased levels of fetuin-A in the bloodstream and heightened mortality and morbidity rates in individuals undergoing dialysis. Additionally, specific investigations propose that reduced fetuin-A levels could potentially serve as an indicator for the presence of vascular calcification in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

In contrast, osteocalcin is a protein in both bone and dental structures. Calcitonin is involved in the physiological control of calcium homeostasis within the human body, and under specific circumstances, it may additionally facilitate the process of calcification. Evidence indicates a potential correlation between serum osteocalcin levels and the occurrence and magnitude of vascular calcification in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that although these markers exhibit promise, they may not possess standalone adequacy in diagnosing vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The process of vascular calcification encompasses various additional factors, such as disruptions in calcium and phosphorus metabolism, heightened levels of parathyroid hormone, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and changes in vitamin D metabolism.

Although there is promise in examining these factors as potential biomarkers, additional research is required to ascertain their specific role and usefulness in diagnosing vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, it is imperative to interpret the measurement of these markers within the broader context of additional clinical and laboratory findings.