The flow perfusion bioreactor stimulates by fluid shear stress the cells seeded on 3D system and provide enhanced delivery of oxygen, nutrients and growth factors throughtout the internal structure of culture scaffold
As Annalia pointed out, specific applications for bioreactors are primarily to solve a nutrient diffusion problem. They are extensively used in orthopaedic tissue engineering for example:
We constructed a bioreactor to grow trachea lined with epithelial cells on the inside and chondrocytes from the outside on cadaver decellularised trachea scaffold (it's a hollow tube). Bioreactor's role was to provide two diffferent media for two different cell cultures, maintain air/media level (trachea submerged lenghtwise to half in media, half in air). Trachea was rotated at 2rpm. here is a short video: http://juro.smugmug.com/OK-Otorhinolaryngology/Trachea-bioengineering/bioreactor-rotate-derail/1183056904_kb8jJ-S.jpg