There are only few reports on the development of transgenic and tissue culture manipulations in indica rice. What could be the genetic, molecular, physiological reasons? which make indica cultivars to be more recalcitrant to tissue culture regeneration and transgenic developments.
Many tropical japonica genotypes are even more difficult to transform and regenerate than indica varieties.
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/20/10909/htm
Please also check:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320036741_Tissue_culture_and_Agrobacterium-mediated_genetic_transformation_studies_in_four_commercially_important_indica_rice_cultivars
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-005-0100-7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3284416/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1672630819300241
It is mainly due to the low efficiency in T-DNA integration into the plant genome.
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