We have developed an ODE model comprising 25 interrelated equations with common coefficients. This biochemical model, applied in wastewater treatment, is characterized by stiffness. Utilizing the R programming language, we have employed various methods typically used for stiff models, including lsoda, vode, rk4, and others. While the model executes, the results frequently yield negative values, NAN, or only partial values. The equations, coefficients, and initial parameter and variable values are all known, and the time intervals have been carefully checked. Could you please provide insights into what might be causing these issues with our model?

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