In the case of water splitting the water oxidation (OER) is the bottleneck for the process and because of the harsh conditions of the WO reaction, molecular catalysts with high TOFs are not stable in the matrix and quickly decompose. On the other hand heterogeneous catalysts are more stable but they often do not have high TOF quantities. Now what is your opinion about the future catalyst type? Will the ideal catalysts fabricated by turning the molecular catalysts to heterogeneous catalysts ( by loading the molecular catalysts on the solid surfaces ) or it will be from the single atom heterogeneous catalyst type?
Perovskites.
Please refer: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15873-x
Dear Samit Karmakar
I asked about your opinion. So it is not a technical question it is a discussion. Note that the discussion is about the application of the catalysts in all of the types of WORs that including photochemical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and chemical reactions. There are many papers about both kind of catalyst that shows both of them act well but each one has some limitation and also has some advantages. Now I ask again which one of these catalysts do you think would be the true catalyst and why?
Dear Sina Safavi,
I preferred to keep my opinion short. Hence, I gave you my opinion also the reason of your query (in the form of the article). I hope you've read the article before you made the comment. I am grateful that you've pointed out it is a discussion and not a technical question!
Dear Samit Karmakar
I have already read this article. I got your opinion but it's not related to the concept of the discussion because I'm asking about heterogeneous catalysts made by grafting the molecular catalysts on the surface and single atom type catalysts. The comparison is between this two type of catalysts because they can be used in all form of the water oxidation reactions but the perovskites are only suitable for photochemical water oxidation reactions. So we can not do chemical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water oxidation experiments with perovskite type catalyst . So I agree with you in that the perovskites are vary good catalysts for the photocatalytic reactions and also in photochemical water oxidation but they can not be the ideal catalyst type because the are not active in other water oxidation reaction types. I hope my explanation could help you to perceive the main concept of the discussion.
What is the true catalyst? If you talking about an industrial application, then the criteria is "the one, which generates the highest financial gain." This area is quickly developing and now it's too early to make any prediction.
Dear Yurii V Geletii
First of all I should thank you for your delicate response. You're right. I'm exactly talking about industrial application. I'm agree with you in that we can't exactly prognosticate which one of this catalyst types will be the superior catalyst but I believe in that we can guess it from the experiences results. So I wanna know what is your guess as an expert in this field?
Water oxidation is a half-reaction of water splitting. There are numerous ideas about the design of the whole system. You may also consider CO2 reduction coupled with water oxidation. You mention only two scenarios for the further development. I would look broader but can't tell what would be the best. I would not put all eggs into a single basket. You have to use your own intuition to decide what to do keeping in mind your skills.
Dear Sina Safavi thank you for initiating this interesting RG discussion. Although we are inorganic chemists, I'm not an expert in this field. However, I agree with Yurii V Geletii in that there is no such thing as a true catalyst. In this context I suggest that you have a look at the following relevant article which has been published Open Access. It is stated there that future catalysts should be "low-cost and earth-abundant":
Earth-Abundant Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting: Current and Future Directions
(see attached pdf file)
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