@Alessio, thank you but I am completely new to FORTRAN and just know MATLAB never done even a single program. I was using python with IDLE debugger.Is python can't be used here.?
i agree with @ Alessio ... FORTRAN (FORmula Translating System) from version 77 to 2008 are a good option as programming language. Ideally, the language focuses on the data management, graphic processing, hopefully find a good option.
I think Matlab is the best and easiest way for data analysis, since it is straightforward to learn. You can buy it on their homepage as a student version by sending Mathworks your student ID (http://www.mathworks.com/).
A very good alternative to Matlab is a freeware program called Scilab (http://www.scilab.org/). It has more or less the same functionalities and syntax like Matlab.
If you need high-level anlysis and programming you should definitely take a look at R (http://www.r-project.org/).
R is very handy for such situation. There are already solutions in the form of packages for most of the problems and one can program himself if there is none for a specific data analysis.
What kind of computational data analysis do you mean? Options like Python or R may make sense depending on what you want to do. For instance, R has a bunch of useful packages for data visualization (e.g., http://ggplot2.org/) and network analysis (e.g., http://www.statnetproject.org/, network and sna packages). Python's useful for natural language processing (http://nltk.org/) or machine learning (http://scikit-learn.org/stable/).
There is not a universal language for data analysis. It depends on what you do. I use fortran 90 for processing astronomical data and it fully satisfies my needs.
R is very similar to Matlab and freely available. Python with the SciPy and Numpy packages is very powerful and will give you better performance. IPython will give you a Python environment that functions similar to the interactive consoles in Matlab and R. For even better performance you can use C++ with the Eigen library or something else.
It entirely depends on what you are trying to do, but Matlab is by no means the only or even the best choice.
Matlab is a very good option. R is quite similar though doesn't have yet all the different packages that one can find for Matlab. I tend to favor Python which can work even with Fortran if it would be necessary. Mathcad can be an option for some simpler cases. As somebody already mentioned everything depends on the concrete task.
matlab is good one. others are jlab, rlab, flex pro, pylac, scilab but all of the above is the matlab with more enhanced tools and functionalities. The coding is also easy in it then the other one. it is also compatible with most of the systems and hardware.
MATLAB is very good choice , easy to implement , simulation and high performance . depend on concept of Matrices and vectors. actually Data are modeled as one of them and after that easy to process. or using Simulink also it is easy way to construct and simulate systems.
As of now,Matlab with many tool boxes and many tools in each is a wonderful S/W Package useful to solve many problems in different areas,though it goes with a Price compared to open source packages like Scilab etc.Coding is also easy,C functions can be used.It is good for Simulation work also.
Libby hemphill's answer is also good.For Data Visualization as suggested by her and Muhammed Anees R will be useful.
R for Data analysis (statistics, ...) and Matlab for viewing images and Neural Nets, functions like patch imagesc are very useful and i can't find there equivalent in R
Go for F#. It has an elegant syntax and supports all programming paradigms (OO, imperative, functional), uses visual studio IDE and rich .Net common library, able to use R libraries and compiles to a very fast code and it is free too.