how can enrich the eggs with vitamins or minerals by nutritional strategies?
Fat soluble substances; eg vitamins A, D, E. K, colours, but also pesticides and contaminants will be transferred from the diet into the yolk.
Transfer into egg white is much harder to predict
see attachments
Article Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Eggs and Their Distribution ...
Conference Paper Contaminants in eggs: effects of feed and environment
In addition to the previous answer, the eggshell content of calcium and trace elements.
I did on my PhD thesis, we did use iron different origin and amount, also few experimentals with different oils (sunflower, rapeseed and linseed) and organic and inorganic selenium, vitamin E, natural and synthetic antioxidants (lycopene from tomato and santoquin). Its depends what we want to enrich in egg (omega 3, omega 6 or its ratio, trace elements content, vitamin and so on.
Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) and basically Calcium and Phosphorus
Iodine as well as other Halogens can be enriched in eggs by feeding high levels in the maternal diet.
As mentioned above Se, J are sometimes used to reach higher level in yolk.
DHA -quite effective enrichment. Vit.D3 ,particulary the form 25-OH-D3 is effective ,too.
Sources from plant/animal origin containing carotene and xanthophyl pigments, for Vitamin A, Biotin and Riboflavin group of B Complex vits and Vit.E from cereals, are important for metabolic and endocrine functions. Trace mineral, s.a. selenium, is also an important component besides Ca and P to boost metabolic function.
Plant based diets can add vitamins, minerals and color to the egg yolk as well as boost shelf life and prevent egg glut.
I guess the question was " how to enriched" as a positive approache to transfer it via egg to food. Not contamination. Carotenoids are important for our eyes and have antioxidative effect,but I see the target as: vits.ADE, Se, J, DHA (to create a specific niche on the food market)..
A gree with C.A. (Kees) (Kan).
See this link
https://en.engormix.com/poultry-industry/articles/dietary-strategies-enriching-eggs-t36399.htm
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