Bacteria have been immobilised on a range of chemically activated and/or inert supports. These include biofilm formation on activated carbon, powdered activated carbon with external surface areas of 938–978 mg/m2, inorganic metal oxides, membranes or porous polymers, and chitosan-beads.

So far I know, zinc is antibiotic.

With Regard

R. Mitdank

Anything which has specific gravity more than the water will sink to the bottom. For instance in Anaerobic fluidised bed reactor bentonite clay or sand is used as a carrier media which immediately sinks to the bottom when fluidization stops.

Dear Divya Jose thanks for sharing this very interesting technical question with the RG community. Personally I'm not an expert in this field, but I just came across the following potentially useful review article which should help you in your analysis:

Polymeric Materials Used for Immobilisation of Bacteria for the Bioremediation of Contaminants in Water

This review has been published Open Access so that it is freely available as public full text (please see attached pdf file).

I hope this helps. Good luck with your work and best wishes!

Dear Dr Divya Jose . See the following useful RG link: Article Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor - A Review

Kindly see also the following very good link: https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/resources/effects-of-accelerated-weathering-test-on-the-properties-of-larch-wood-2/

Also check kindly the following useful RG link: Article Potential of Zeolite and Algae in Biomass Immobilization

See also the following very good link: https://www.watertechonline.com/wastewater/article/15545467/microorganisms-in-activated-sludge