Kindly check..

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13201-012-0042-5

Explore this also..

http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/T0234E/T0234E01.htm

May be looked into here..

http://www.orientjchem.org/vol31no3/irrigation-water-quality-evaluation-of-aldelam-groundwater/

Explore this too.

https://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C07/E2-19-01-02.pdf

Apart from its composition, determination of suitability of specific water requires that specifications of conditions of its use (soil, climate, crops, etc.), irriga- tion, and other management practices be followed. Because of inherent problems in integrating the effects of the above factors, it is difficult to develop rigid standards for universal use. Therefore, broad guidelines for assessing suitability of irrigation waters have been suggested from time to time for average use conditions (USSL 1954; Ayers and Westcot 1985). However, it is widely acknowledged that the earlier guidelines were very conservative since these were based mainly on the response of soils rather than the crop responses under diverse field conditions. Based upon the field experiences and the results of long-term experimentation, guidelines were recommended (Table 11.12) for their wider applicability in different agro-ecological zones of India (Minhas and Gupta 1992c). Though developed for the monsoonal climate, these can also be applied to areas with seasonal rainfall. For meeting site-specific water quality objectives, factors like water quality parameters, soil texture, crop tolerances, and rainfall have been given due consideration. Some of the addendums added to these guidelines include use of gypsum for saline water having SAR > 20 and/or Mg/Ca > 3 and rich in silica; fallowing during rainy season when SAR > 20 and higher salinity waters are used in low rainfall areas; additional phosphorous application, especially when Cl/SO4 > 2.0, using canal water preferably at early growth stages, including presowing irrigation for conjunctive use with saline waters; putting 20% extra seed rate and a quick postsowing irrigation (within 2–3 days) to help bet- ter germination when ECw < ECe (0–45 cm soil at harvest of rabi crops); saline water irrigation just before the onset of monsoons to lower soil salinity and raise the antecedent soil moisture for greater salt removal by rains; use of organic materials in saline environment to improve crop yields (for soils having (i) shallow water table (within 1.5 m in kharif ), and (ii) hard subsoil layers, the next lower ECiw/alternate modes of irrigation (canal/saline) is applicable). Similarly, the guidelines for alkali waters were based upon RSC/SAR and texture of soils for varying cropping intensity and amend- ments. These were later modified by Minhas and Sharma (2006), who proposed permissible limits in terms of adj.RNa for the sustainable use of alkali waters for different rainfall regions and the cropping sequences (Table 11.13). As expected, waters with a relatively high adj.RNa could be utilized for sustained irrigation in fallow/cotton–wheat followed by millet–wheat rotations, whereas paddy– wheat seems to be the most unsustainable system, since the permissible values of adj.RNa  were just about half of the former. Similarly, the role of rainfall in enhancing the use of alkali water is also evi- dent; that is, on average, it should be possible to use water with 1.8 *adj.RNa under conditions where the annual rainfall is >600 mm compared to drier regions (550 mm, upper limit of RSC range is safe

3.  For double cropping, RSC neutralization with gypsum is essential based on the quantity of water used during rabi season; grow less-water-requiring crops during

kharif; avoid growing rice

Source:  Minhas, P.S. and Gupta, R.K., Quality of Irrigation Water—Assessment and Management, p. 123, ICAR, New Delhi, 1992c.

Note:   Textural criteria should be applicable for all soil layers down to at least 1.5 m depth.

In areas where groundwater table reaches within 1.5 m at any time of the year or a hard subsoil layer is present in the root zone, the limits of the next finer textural class should be used.

Fluorine is at times a problem and limits should be worked out.

TABLE 11.13

Permissible Limits of adj.RNa in Irrigation Water for Sustaining Yields under Different Cropping Sequences

Permissible adj.RNa for Sustainable Yields for Rainfall Zone (cm)

Cropping Sequence

60

Fallow–wheat

16

21

27

Maize/millet–wheat

14

17

23

Paddy–wheat

6

9

14

Cotton–wheat

14

20

26

Source:   Minhas, P.S. and Sharma, D.R., J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 54,

331–338, 2006.

.

Two famous methods are used in classifications,

1- Wilcox diagram

2-Richard diagram

regards