National S&T goals and policies should focus on areas that improves economic competitiveness and productivity and gears toward commercialization and economic expansion in areas of competitive advantage.

In general, following goals can be considered:

• strong manufacturing base,
• diversified business sector,
• energy independence
• efficiency of goods and labor markets
• high economic growth rates  while maintaining social stability

I share your view.

You can be interested into the enclosed article of mine.

Regards,

MV

Sustainable management and utilization of resource base (natural resources, human resources, mineral, oil  .....) through technological interventions and effective utilization of advancement in science in the following sector

Green/bioenergy sector

Health & hygene.

Watershed management. 

Conservation of Mountain.

Soil health, Healthy maintenance of ecosystem.

Bioprospect renewable natural resources.

strong infrastructure.

Progress in science and technology has been an important source of changing human society. To a large extent, the apparatus of national security, higher standards of public health, and the creation of new jobs are all predicated on the nation’s R&D capacity, and the formation of the government-university-industry nexus is now a general phenomenon in both developing and developed countries. Public policy for science and technology has become the central concern for many governments. At the same time the expert knowledge in science and technology has been indispensible in dealing with policy issues, such as environment, health care, and business regulation. A comprehensive understanding of social, political, and economic factors that affect—and are affected by—science and technology is vital in designing an efficient public policy.

https://stp.kaist.ac.kr/eng/about/about01.html

Clarifying the relationship with policy goals and establishing R＆D goals

 Essential R＆D issues selected based on the Promotion Strategies for Prioritized Areas should clarify S＆T outcomes to be achieved （R＆D goals）, in order to achieve policy goals that each R＆D issue set in the basic plan and practical policy goals for each project. More specifically, it is fundamental to clarity the R＆D goals to be achieved in the period of the basic plan, as well as those to be achieved finally. The government’s accountability for the return of S＆T outcomes to society and the public will be enhanced by clarifying the respective the roles of the public and private sectors, the roles of public research institutions, and the path to achieving policy goals through the accomplishment of R＆D goals.

http://www.mext.go.jp/english/whitepaper/1302766.htm

It is important as the national policy- making has to be diversification of the economy and this through the use of natural resources and the use of the scientific and innovation capabilities of the citizens. Recently in Iraq has been created a Ministry of Science and Technology to support this idea through keeps up with scientific and technological developments in the world so as to contribute to the consolidation of the basic components of economic and social development in Iraq. Also, the provision and dissemination of scientific and technology indicators at the national level to promote economic and social activities.  Due to the difficult security situation in Iraq for the time being, in addition to the low cost of oil production and inability of successive governments to establish national policies able to advance the country. Hence it is difficult in this case to draw a clear-cut national policy.

Determination of the basic assumptions of science policy, science and technology and innovation that will reflect changes in the functioning of legal, economic and organizational learning.

- They should have a framework agreement sets out the general objectives and priorities for research for a specified period of time (for example, from now to 2020); - They should take into account the number of research units;

- Human resources (number of researchers, the number of people employed in this business workers);

- Take into account the number of doctoral degrees obtained, a professor and the age at which these degrees have been achieved so far;

- Regional structure of research and development;

- Knowledge of important performance measures of scientific activity of individual researchers, research teams, academic institutions;

- Versed in the field of innovation in enterprises and their involvement in co-operation with universities;

- Do you know what is the university research infrastructure;

- To know the strengths and weaknesses and threats.

 If everything is the head of state will know and be aware of the fact that without the financial support of science and basic research that determine the function of learning, which is a cognitive activity, which is associated with the function of education, culture-and civilized and informative, why financing basic research. This should be maintained at a high level to ensure the development of science as a field of research and to allow it to perform these functions. Then you can spend the available funds for research and development use. The emphasis on policies to inform the public about the importance of science. Important is the role of science as a factor supporting a stable, sustainable development of the country. Knowledge-based economy characterized by rapid development of the national economy that are associated with the processing of information and the development of science, mainly industrial sectors so. high technology and techniques and information society services. The knowledge economy is also synonymous with the highest level of development and dissemination of information and communication technologies, and even - with information civilization in the broadest sense of the word.

 The experience of recent years in my country suggest that the mere release of the market, privatization of enterprises and promote entrepreneurship do not provide an appropriate pace of development knowledge-based economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises do not have sufficient knowledge and capital to invest in new technologies. It is necessary to state support, both financial and organizational. It also changes to be carried out:

- The need for restructuring of research and development;

- Modify the system of research and the creation of a pilot fund;

- Better R & D companies as a condition to intensify R & D activities in the private sector;

- Reduce the cost of starting a business and social costs;

- Improve the functioning of the protection of intellectual property rights;

- Increased competition in the telecommunications sector;

- Changes in the education system on: improving the quality of teaching, the availability of "lifelong learning" the whole of society and rapprochement sector and the economy.

These new challenges facing academic institutions in Poland they arise, among others, with the accession to the EU mean that the need for their restructuring is more clearly visible. What, on the other hand makes scientists are chasing points IF seek private sector support, they need to quickly gain the ranks and enthusiastically impart knowledge of lectures and exercises. It's all in the knowledge that research units operate inefficiently will be eliminated and the people working at the university remain without work.

@ Behrouz - Thanks for highlighting certain important points to be looked into while setting national S&T goals and policies. What the status of your country in this regard.

@ Lawrence - I agree with your statement saying "Govt. is not the solution" That is why I have already mentioned in the Q-statement that "... it requires combined efforts of academia, research, business groups and government to achieve major objectives.." How your country's government is going in this direction.

@ Brenda -  Having gone through the webpage "Seizing Canada's Moment", I am delighted to learn that Canada is moving ahead with focused strategy in the area of S&T to make Canada more productive and competitive through positioning researchers at the leading-edge of knowledge creation and developing, attracting and retaining a highly-skilled workforce to build a modern national economy. The Private sector in the country also playing role in mobilizing and commercializing knowledge to develop the products, services and technologies that create a productive, sustainable and competitive society.

Wish you ALL and your family a very Happy, Healthy, Peaceful and Prosperous New Year 2016 

Planning commission in India has representatives from several sectors including S&T. They are supposed to consider all the aspects mentioned in your question. Accordingly DST decides Thrust areas and allot fund to all the disciplines. This can be only efficient if  all those involved work in coherence.

Empowering the scientists must be the priority!

Dear Yogesh,

It has been far to long sense I have contributed to one of your thoughtful questions. I would like to take a moment and say that while I agree with Lawrence to some degree but not for any of the reasons my friend commented on I agree that national governments are a problem simply because they are national. I mean to say that nationalism itself is an obstacle to overcome before we can begin to address what I believe is at the heart of my friend Yogesh's question which is growing the standard of living for all. Let me be clear I believe nationalism in and of its self is a limiting philosophic as well as physiological force that it prevents us from asking what I would contend are the real questions that we as scientists, philosophers, and to some extent leaders we should be asking.

I would offer this as an example. If we rephrase my dear friends question to read, "how much S&T should we as a planetary community devote to the betterment of all in the categories already mentioned . We as well would reading some truly thought provoking reply's which in and of itself can only help to create a truly global perspective and mind set. Here, the end of nationalism, I would posit would be a truly powerful and one of the most significant step into becoming more fully human.

Douglas

It should  elaboratethe  set of economic and trade policies for including the SME and developing countries in the high income Global Value Chains.  Sector of SME is dominating in the most countries, at least in the developing ones.

Currently SME are presented in low income Global Value Chains. They have indirect contribution in competitive export activity mostly. So their innovation potential is not used for national and international economy at present.

A poor developing country, such as mine, does not have natural resources e.g. petroleum or minerals & I don’t think that we are "allowed" to advance in sophisticated or heavy industries. However, we have rich fertile lands which can be utilized very well by us to achieve true "affluence". Therefore, agriculture is the area upon which we have to concentrate our efforts & to do that with high activity.

The agriculture ministry has to employ efficient energetic persons, agriculture faculties at universities have to be strengthened in R & D, voluntary work has to be encouraged among the young persons, and farmers ought to be educated.

When we get qualitative & quantitative products, then this will contribute positively to economic growth & national security. When there is spread of more green lands , then this will be good for health & the environment.

@ Barbara – Nicely highlighted the philosophy of active, preventive approach to environmental issues, represented by the strategies of environmental management that requires a systemic, structured approach. You rightly stressed for introduction of ecological management systems including environmental audit and creation of  formal standard for environmental management system (EMS)

@ Agnieszka – Thanks for your elaborate answer pinpointing certain important aspects relating to setting effective S&T goals & policies need. As rightly mentioned by you restructuring of research and development, creation of a pilot fund, bringing competitive environment among R&D and business organization, improving the quality of education, reducing cost of starting a business and precise policies for IPR and entrepreneurial support are important in this context..

Technological innovations must be quickly implemented

For tomorrow belongs to people, who prepare for it today - African proverb

@ Douglas - Yes. your are right. As far as development of S&T and its application for betterment of human life and national economy are concerned, we have to think and act in global perspective.

Empowering researchers through cross-boundary linkage/interaction  in addition to funding and infrastructural support is also important as mentioned by Prof Shubhash. 

National strength in terms of natural resource, infrastructural status, scientific and technical workforce and economic conditions may also  be important consideration as mentioned by Dear Nizar.

Dear Yogesh, dear all, my country has in 1991 set a goal to be a contributor of scientific innovation and scientific progress in its Vision 2020.  We desire to be more than just a consumer, and a supplier of raw materials.  2020 is just 4 more years down the road.  To give a simple answer to your question, the country should consider if it is able to continue to provide funding for RnD.  When the economy is not doing well, cuts in funding affect even our top research universities.  My neighbor works at one of the top varsities, and her research used to obtain funding, but recently there are cuts.  I attach my paper where I discussed about the 6th challenge of Malaysia's Vision 2020.  Thanks.

Article Motivation and Achievement of Malaysian Students in Studying...

Yes Dear Miranda, Sustained funding support to R&D ventures is essential. I Erratic and abrupt cuts in funding spoil the research programmes.

Thanks Dear Manuel for your information about establishment of  the “Foundation Champalimaud" by Testament businessman Antonio Champalimaud in Portugal which  It is financially well endowed, well managed, and is doing a very good job of research in various fields of medicine. We would be happy to learn a little more about the foundation and its operating system.

You are right Dear national S&T goals and policies ideally should be intended to the people and their well-being..

@ Lawrence - The GoI firmly believed that S&T would be the twin tools that would help bring about social equality and economic development to enable India join the mainstream of world community. The Science and Technology Policy 2003 of India envisaged to address some key issue including improvement in science & technology governance and investment, strengthening of infrastructure for science and technology in academic institution, new funding mechanism for basic research, human resource development, industry and scientific research and development, international S&T cooperation, development of innovative technologies for mitigation and management of natural hazards, generation and management of intellectual property and creation of awareness amongst general masses about the use and benefits of science and technology. Three major concerns which drove specific S&T policies in India are Science for National Development and Security; Self Reliance and Building ‘Scientific Temper’. The Policy focuses on facilitating private sector investment in R&D centres in India and overseas; Promoting establishment of large R&D facilities in PPP mode with provisions for benefits sharing; permitting multi stakeholders participation in the Indian R&D system. treating R&D in the private sector at par with public institutions for availing public funds; benchmarking of R&D funding mechanisms and patterns globally, modifying IPR policy to provide for marching rights for social good when supported by public funds and for co-sharing IPRs generated under PPP, launching newer mechanisms for nurturing Technology Business Incubators (TBls) and science-led entrepreneurship and providing incentives for commercialization of innovations with focus on green manufacturing.

As a fellow Canadian, I concur with Brenda about the newly elected government in 2015 may change the initiatives as outlined in the website containing the article Seizing Canada's Moment: Moving Forward in Science, Technology and Innovation 2014.

S&T innovation and technological development are related with economy growth, which has already highlighted by the Canadian government in the above article. However, I would like to draw on the article of Gouvea, Linton, Montoya, and Walsh (2012), who discuss whether national economic success with an advancement of technological development, such as nanotechnology, requires ethical sacrifices. This creates a dilemma situation, which is yet to be explored and conduct research on consequences on ethical sacrifices.

Ref: Gouvea, R., Linton, J. D., Montoya, M., & Walsh, S. (2012). Emerging Technologies and Ethics: A Race-to-the-Bottom or the Top? Journal of business ethics, 109 (4). 553 – 567.

Yes Dear Arthur, the point raised by Gouvea, Linton, Montoya, and Walsh (2012) on the ethical issues associated with development in certain areas of S&T like some aspects of biotechnology, nanotechnology and medical sciences need to be addressed properly considering the societal values and norms.    requires ethical sacrifices.Indeed, S&T innovation and technological development are vital for economic growth of nation and betterment of people, however and S&T development will achieve peoples' appreciation and adoption when it is ethically sound. 

Emphasis   on academics which will yield good results for growth in science and technology. Emphasize the scientists to tackle the problems of the present day. Prodyct oriented programmes must be nurtured.

Yes Dear Raghu, improvement in academia for producing quality HR and problem solving as well as result/product oriented research are  indeed important considerations in setting national S&T goals and policies.

To ensure sustainable development, Science and Technology goals should also be linked to Society's Environmental Goals. Please see the attached book chapter which is very informative.

http://www.nap.edu/read/5409/chapter/4

@Yogesh and all, let me join the debate by adding that S&T policies should be thought as one more tool among other set of measures available. For instance, S&T policies go along with the government approach towards national industry and foreign commerce. Then, a free-market set of policies on the area would probably require to define goals that allow the knowledge created to boost national industries in an international competition. If we would, for instance, try to develop 100% national technologies in any given area within a free-market scheme; it wouldn't matter how much we invest in them, we will probably fail.

The idea is that S&T policies and their goals should be conceived in coordination with economic, education, environmental and such areas of public policy. 

Amilcar Herrera took deep care of this kind of issues in the following paper. It is, to my knowledge, only available in spanish. 

Reference: 

Herrera, A. O. (1973). Los determinantes sociales de la política científica en América Latina: Política científica explícita y política científica implícita. Desarrollo económico, 113-134.

http://docs.politicascti.net/documents/Teoricos/Herrera.pdf 

@Behrouz - Linking science and technology to society's environmental goal is important . Thanks for the interesting interesting and informative thread.

@Khaled: Political decisions on S&T policy and goal should be in coordination with social values, economic, environmental and public health  conditions giving due attention to   international relationships.

@ Matias: Yes, S&T policies and goals should be conceived in harmonization with economic, educational, environmental and such areas of public policy.. The reference thread is  enlightening.

Dear Yogesh Chandra Tripathi,

I think an interesting approach for this question is the National System of Innovation (NSI), in the sense of unifying S&T and innovation. Within the evolutionary economics perspective (neo-Schumpeterian), the concept of NSI expresses a complex institutional arrangement that promotes the technological progress of countries. Basically, an important point here, for goals and policies, is to examine the level of cooperation or relationship among different agents (government, firms, universities,…).

Moreover, another important aspect of development is the role of the State (directly and indirectly) in the promotion of innovations in the whole territory (public and private sectors, civil society). Some experts in the area of technical change and development talk about an “entrepreneurial state”.

Finally, I would like to suggest another important “scale” of analysis: the Regional Systems of Innovation (RSI). This approach is based on knowledge and localized learning within the regions. And the relevant relationship between NSI and RSI.

References:

A very good article about Science, Technology and Innovation Policies (evaluation, impact measurement, policies in some countries,…):

LUNDVALL, Bengt-Åke; BORRÁS, Susana. Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy. In: FAGERBERG, Jan; MOWERY, David C.; NELSON, Richard R. (edited by). The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press, 2005. p. 599-631. [2011-Reprinted]

And a very good reference about Systems of Innovation:

EDQUIST, Charles (edited by). Systems of Innovation: technologies, institutions and organizations. London/Washington: Routledge, 2006.

An important reference about the “entrepreneurial state”:

MAZZUCATO, Mariana. The entrepreneurial state: debunking public vs. private sector myths. Anthem Press: London, 2013.

Reference about Regional Systems of Innovation:

ASHEIM, Bjørn; GERTLER, Meric. The Geography of Innovation: Regional innovation systems. In: FAGERBERG, Jan; MOWERY, David C.; NELSON, Richard R. (edited by). The Oxford Handbook of Innovation. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press, 2005. p. 291-317. [2011-Reprinted]

Best,

Iván

So as a general rule innovation systems work is interesting but has proved very hard to put into practice within policy frameworks. Look how the academic literature has moved on.... Part of the problem is what part of the system do you change, another problem is that Indigenous S&T has a very slow impact on national development because the vast majority of technology is imported in one form or another. Finally most of the innovation systems literature is developed within the context of European countries with centuries of legacy development and technology competency development. It is far less helpful for developing countries or places that have natural resource bases. Emphasis must be balanced with a view to disruptive technologies developed elsewhere, rapid macroeconomics movements etc etc.  Finally, it you want to set goals they must be linked to the funding mechanisms which incentivise use of the science / technologies. Funding science without the users of the technology having some stake in the system will be just goals.

@Iván G. Peyré- Yes, level of cooperation or relationship among different agents (government, firms, universities,…) and role of the State are important consideration for setting national S&T goals and policies. References cited by you are interesting.

@Brian Wixted - Policy framework conducive to put innovation in practice, due attention and  recognition to  indigenous S&T, tackling issue of disruptive technologies, incentivise use of the science / technologies and rapid macroeconomics movements are important considerations as well.

this can only work if the people at decision or polcy making take experts from the field into confidence and layoutplans be it from scientific community ,health sector,mba et and only then goals can be achieved the way desired

Q: What do you think about the S&T objectives and their integration in development agenda of your country?

A: There is no other rational S&T objectives except ones the most demanded by  state defense, business (industry), and public education and health.  Development of S&T field that are unnecessary for particular country  would cause "brain drain".  

Yes, Dear Alex, S&T development must provide solution to the regional problems  however, there are other issues  that uniformly pertinent to the entire world community.  

Yes Dear Marina, crystalizing optimum benefit out of the existing S&T knowledge through proper management  and industrial application should also looked into in setting national S&T goals and policies.

Dear colleague

In my country, the big problm is how to link scientific research to industrial tissue in order to create a real efficient R/D.

'Goals and priorities' are mostly irrelevant I'd suggest for most countries - they make lovely reading in glossy brochures but have more often been vague general statements of intent by high levels of of governments. What matters more is the programme mechanisms. Are you going to dictate to academics what research they do? In reality probably not. In any case for countries back from the leading edge the goals need to be (1) to develop research talent and (2) promote the adoption of knowledge where it makes sense - that requires research - but not fundamental research. It requires government labs / hospitals / schools focused on learning and adopting. As for this issue of the commercialisation gap that somebody mentioned.

This is the question for 30 years academics and policy makers in just about every developed country has complained about this gap and dreamed up all sorts of policies for it YET the perception remains.  In the natural sciences if you follow a particular line of reasoning and it fails and fails and fails at some point you must decide the reasoning is WRONG. Therefore my challenge is perhaps the reasoning is wrong. We have system designed Universities for A and then complain when they produce 'A' and not X. Yet A remains an important need and no government is yet willing to fund a systems that is designed to produce X alongside a system producing A (except perhaps the Germans).

 Dear Dr Bachir, linkage with industry is crucial to support R&D and for translating outcomes of research into marketable goods and services. Only then R&D can significantly contribute to employment generation and economic development of the country. 

Dear Yogesh:

In the case of Argentina, the country has not had a clear development agenda for a long time. Most key actors --in particular politicians, businessmen and unionists-- have lacked the necessary "sense of  community" to articulate a vision that goes beyond their individual or sectorial short-term self-interest .

Lacking a development vision, the country,has also lacked a coherent R&D policy. Most companies only understand "competitiveness" at the global scale as synonymous with constant devaluation (that is, low salaries in u$s). There has not been a coherent program to increase productivity.

Except in the case of agricultural production, public investment in R&D has not had a proper connection with clear industrial and commercial goals.

The recently elected government has now to address the urgent need to reduce a huge fiscal deficit. Many of us hope that a new approach to the problem of development will begin to set the country -and R&D policy- in the right direction.  .

Dear all, 

The assumptions  should take into account fo example: the number of research units; doctoral degrees obtained; scientific activity of  researchers/institutions; innovation; involvement in co-operation between companies/universities; available funds for research and development; dissemination of information and communication technologies.

Have a nice time

Helena

Dear colleagues, 

National S&T goals and policies should focus on areas that improves human development and benefit for our lives. Of course, "it involves economic competitiveness... and economic expansion in areas of competitive advantage" @Behrouz.

My position is health, education and humanities are also a priority. Without health, you cannot work for these competitives areas. Education for hapiness and be helpful to economic growth. Humanities because of ethic because you need "good workers and employers and businessxwoxmen" for effective economy. 

Dowvoting is not scientific!. "Gentlemen's disagreement" and open discussion is a much better approach in a scientific forum. 

 Downvote button is reserved for offensive language/insults which is  rarely found in a scientific community. 

In addition to economic expansion in areas of competitive advantage, governments should also consider Sustainability, health, education and think of future generation.

• Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all.
• Achieve higher levels of economic productivity through diversification, technological upgrading and innovation, including through a focus on high-value added and labour-intensive sectors
• Promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and upgrading infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable,

The following link from UN is worth reading!

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300#

Sorry I wasn't my intention I was exploring the tool

 Globalization because of improved communications; improved transportation infrastructures; the liberalization of the market; and the development of economic, social, technological, and informational linkages, there is a growing interdependence among the world's populations. Overall, these forces are boosting cross-border scientific cooperation and information exchange between individual researchers, institutions and governments. The problem is, much of the expansion is occurring in just a handful of scientifically advanced countries. What is needed is the formation of true international partnerships that allow scientists in different disciplines and countries to fully support each other's aims, and share resources and management duties to mutual advantage.

http://www.moyak.com/papers/scenario-planning-forces.html

@ Jose -A clear-cut R&D policy and S&T goal are crucial for development of any nation. Hope the recently elected new government in Argentina will definitely look into it and set R&D policy in right direction.

The assumptions like co-operation between companies/universities; funds availability for research and development; dissemination of information and communication technologies are important issues as emphasized by Dear Helena Pestana.

Indeed the prime objective of national S&T goals and policies should be directed to address employment and income generation, entrepreneurial & economic development, human resource development, and assurance of food, health, education and energy security for all citizens as underlined by Dear Benrouz and Dear Ana.

Further, I am surprised and disappointed by down-voting of a very pertinent and popular answer by Prof. Behrouz. I urge, who so ever has down-voted should furnish ample justification otherwise take corrective action if done unknowingly or accidentally.

I agree with Krishnan Umachandran answer.

Yes, I agree with Krishnan Umachandran that in the era of globalization and resultant developments, expansion of cross-border research collaboration, sharing of S&T knowledge and technology among all countries including developing and less developed countries, true and transparent international partnerships are very important for mutual advantage and for the reach of S&T benefits to entire world community. 

Yogesh you have mentioned all clearly 'Economic growth' is the very first essential that needed must and should for any country's development followed by 'Health Care' when you are hale n healthy then only you protect your country i.e. give 'National Security' and do anything. 'Health is Wealth' a well known quotation.

The most important factor is 'Environmental protection' now-a-days you watch extreme conditions all over the globe we realized now and facing the effects too for the past acts. Let the goals of Science & Technology or Research & Development are go to any extant Human race is after all before Nature's power, smash with in seconds. But to some extant utilizing these 'Science & Technology or Research & Development' in a proper way/with in time we can protect ourselves/human race. Krishnan mentioned correctly 'tomorrow belongs to people, who prepare for it today'. All Friends posted valuable answers.

One of our friends asked few days back more or less on the same theme 'How a government of any nation can initiate Scientific research for the development of their country?' my answer was 'depends on financial support and good plan' any country can take care/adopt/introduce the Science & Technology to uplift the nation in all fields.

Probably going out of the topic but very much concerned

Behrouz Ahmadi-Nedushan mentioned about Down voting. Seems few days back I answered some question related to the same 'Is the RG the balanced and unbiased forum for international researchers to communicate experience, knowledge, discoveries and applicationes ?' by Marianne where I wrote Only negative point I feel about RG is "Down voting" without proper explanation.

You are right Ramadevi, Environment protection is a vital issue. I also have mentioned "cleaner environment" in the explanation to the question as one of the major objectives in addition to enhanced national security, improved human health and stronger economy. A perfect S&T goal and policy are the engine for progress and development of any country.

Yogesh,

These papers may help,

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260638458_Strategies_for_enhancing_Jamaican_competitiveness_in_the_global_knowledge_economy

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299747565_Towards_a_talent-driven_outward-oriented_globally-competitive_SME_framework_Discussion_Paper

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301341427_Reforming_Jamaica%27s_National_Systems_of_Innovation?ev=prf_pub

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236941623_Building_a_knowledge_society_one_individual_at_a_time_a_multi-level_review

Working Paper Building a knowledge society one individual at a time: a mul...

Conference Paper Strategies for enhancing Jamaican competitiveness in the glo...

Technical Report Towards a talent-driven outward-oriented globally-competitiv...

Technical Report Reforming Jamaica's National Systems of Innovation

Thanks Silburn Clarke for informative threads

While setting national goals through S&T I recommend to prefers benefits for the common people.

Yes Dear Alam, The ultimate aim of S&T goal and policy of any country is to address the needs and welfare of common people.

 As countries increase their investment in research, it is essential to increase investment in research management and governance as well, a key and much needed capacity for countries to make proper use of research investments.

Operational framework is also necessary to ensure coherence between policies, priorities, and action while prioritizing the key research and innovation areas where the country should focus its investment.