Is there a way to detect its activation using some chemicals or drugs without the use of cell culture?
KEAP1-Nrf2 axis plays an important role as a sensor for the redox stress by translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus as a transcriptional factor for the anti-oxidant molecules such as NQO1 and HO-1 and for the detoxifying enzymes such as G6PD and PGD. That is why the qRT-PCR analysis after treatment of cells of your interest with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) provides you the important information about the activation of Nrf2 as a transcription factor.
However, it is very difficult to directly check the status of KEAP1-Nrf2 axis without analysis of cells neither in vitro nor in vivo.
Promoted autophagy due to serum starvation or DNA damage induces the dissociation of KEAP1 from Nrf2 with p62, a specific substrate for Atg-dependent macroautophagy; p62 phosphorylation induces expression of cytoprotective Nrf2 targets. p62 is assembled on selective autophagic cargos such as ubiquitinated organelles and subsequently phosphorylated in an mTORC1-dependent manner, implying coupling of the Keap1-Nrf2 system to autophagy.
Article Phosphorylation of p62 Activates the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway duri...
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