Exactly measuring the PD-L1 expression on immunohistologically stained tumor tissue is essential for deciding whether immunotherapy is appropiate or not. The threshold for the indication of immune therapy is given by 1-5% expression. Different scores are used to display the expression intensity of PD-L1: tumor proportion score TPS (% of positive tumor cells out of all tumor cells, excluding necrotic ones) and combined positive score CPS (including positive tumor cells and immune cells). Microscopic examination is not useful for distinguishing between 1% and 5%, therefore I would like to know if anyone could give me a hint which tool I could use to reliably analye my IHC stainings. I will only use it for research, not for diagnostic applications.

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