Schiyophrenias are not once illness. It are very heterogenous syndromas with different etiology, and from samples, phase of illness, cultur factors, psychoactive substance and antypsychotic drugs, which influenced th clinical pictures. Many big CONSORTIUM (many scientist, many institute, many data, big journals...), try to make the different heterogenous genetic data with statitistical methods, as realy scientific data.... It is very simmilar to developing an agressive new ideology in psychiatry, but with marketing for new transmiters drugs (glautamates..) and unfortunately with very hgh and dangerous stigmatisation of patient and their families (genetic stigma /eugenics...)
Nature. 2014 Jul 24;511(7510):421-7. doi: 10.1038/nature13595. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.
"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium."
Identifying gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: contemporary challenges for integrated, large-scale investigations.
European Network of National Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia (EU-GEI)
Schizophr Bull. 2014 Jul;40(4):729-36. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu069. Epub 2014 May 24.
Van Os J, Rutten BP, Myin-Germeys I, Delespaul P, Viechtbauer W, van Zelst C, Bruggeman R, Reininghaus U, Morgan C, Murray RM, Di Forti M, McGuire P, Valmaggia LR, Kempton MJ, Gayer-Anderson C, Hubbard K, Beards S, Stilo SA, Onyejiaka A, Bourque F, Modinos G, Tognin S, Calem M, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Holmans P, Williams N, Craddock N, Richards A, Humphreys I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Leweke FM, Tost H, Akdeniz C, Rohleder C, Bumb JM, Schwarz E, Alptekin K, Üçok A, Saka MC, Atbaşoğlu EC, Gülöksüz S, Gumus-Akay G, Cihan B, Karadağ H, Soygür H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Ulusoy S, Akdede B, Binbay T, Ayer A, Noyan H, Karadayı G, Akturan E, Ulaş H, Arango C, Parellada M, Bernardo M, Sanjuán J, Bobes J, Arrojo M, Santos JL, Cuadrado P, Rodríguez Solano JJ, Carracedo A, García Bernardo E, Roldán L, López G, Cabrera B, Cruz S, Díaz Mesa EM, Pouso M, Jiménez E, Sánchez T, Rapado M, González E, Martínez C, Sánchez E, Olmeda MS, de Haan L, Velthorst E, van der Gaag M, Selten JP, van Dam D, van der Ven E, van der Meer F, Messchaert E, Kraan T, Burger N, Leboyer M, Szoke A, Schürhoff F, Llorca PM, Jamain S, Tortelli A, Frijda F, Vilain J, Galliot AM, Baudin G, Ferchiou A, Richard JR, Bulzacka E, Charpeaud T, Tronche AM, De Hert M, van Winkel R, Decoster J, Derom C, Thiery E, Stefanis NC, Sachs G, Aschauer H, Lasser I, Winklbaur B, Schlögelhofer M, Riecher-Rössler A, Borgwardt S, Walter A, Harrisberger F, Smieskova R, Rapp C, Ittig S, Soguel-dit-Piquard F, Studerus E, Klosterkötter J, Ruhrmann S, Paruch J, Julkowski D, Hilboll D, Sham PC, Cherny SS, Chen EY, Campbell DD, Li M, Romeo-Casabona CM, Emaldi Cirión A, Urruela Mora A, Jones P, Kirkbride J, Cannon M, Rujescu D, Tarricone I, Berardi D, Bonora E, Seri M, Marcacci T, Chiri L, Chierzi F, Storbini V, Braca M, Minenna MG, Donegani I, Fioritti A, La Barbera D, La Cascia CE, Mulè A, Sideli L, Sartorio R, Ferraro L, Tripoli G, Seminerio F, Marinaro AM, McGorry P, Nelson B, Amminger GP, Pantelis C, Menezes PR, Del-Ben CM, Gallo Tenan SH, Shuhama R, Ruggeri M, Tosato S, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Ira E, Nordentoft M, Krebs MO, Barrantes-Vidal N, Cristóbal P, Kwapil TR, Brietzke E, Bressan RA, Gadelha A, Maric NP, Andric S, Mihaljevic M, Mirjanic T.
PMID: 24860087 [PubMed - in process]
From what I have read there are no studies that support genetic involvement of sz, even the twin studies have been inconclusive and involved too small a number of subjects to be called conclusive. "Recent meta-analyses have not identified consistent sites of genetic linkage" American Journal of Psychiatry. However what I have looked at in regards to Pyroluria, over and under methylation syndromes there does seem to be such a thing as a genuine genetic factor.
Epigenetic exposure to mercury and copper (both bind zinc) as well as other factors are too often seen as genetic. The study of genetics has been so over funded and the resistance to concepts of epigenetics points to defensive intellectual protectionism. Totally agree that calling a cluster of symptoms which stem from many causes yet has no real diagnostic pathology a disease is crazy stuff.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Biological Science
- Genetics
- Genetic Analysis