The Copernicus Global Land Service provides Surface Soil Moisture (SSM) and the Soil Water Index (SWI) with a resolution of 1 km for the layer over Europe and 12,5 km at global scale, every day.
You can find the publicly available satellite-derived global soil moisture products, their spatial resolution as well as other useful information in Table 1 of the following review.
Peng, J., Albergel, C., Balenzano, A., Brocca, L., Cartus, O., Cosh, M. H., ... & Loew, A. (2021). A roadmap for high-resolution satellite soil moisture applications–confronting product characteristics with user requirements. Remote Sensing of Environment, 252, 112162.