Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are devices that are widely used in microgrid/smart grid/active distribution grid to measure synchronized phasor data. PMU data can be used to detect, identify, and localize faults in these systems. There are several techniques that can be used to achieve this, including:

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are widely used in microgrids, smart grids, and active distribution grids to monitor the system's behavior and detect faults. Here are some techniques commonly employed to detect, identify, and localize faults using PMUs:

It's worth noting that the specific techniques and algorithms used for fault detection, identification, and localization may vary depending on the system requirements, grid configuration, and available data

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Micro Phasor Measurement Units: a Review from the Prosumer Point of View F. Ciancetta , A. Fioravanti , E. Fiorucci , Simone Mari , A. Prudenzi1 and A. Silvestri

21 th International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’23) Madrid (Spain), 24 th to 26 th May 2023

"Abstract.

In recent years, power grid infrastructure has moved from a centralized power generation model to a paradigm in which generation capacity is distributed across an increasing number of small power plants that rely on renewable energy sources. Systems for emerging distribution systems need a very new protection paradigm, architecture and philosophy making use of new protection devices and sensors such as digital relays, phasor measurement units (PMUs), smart reclosers and line sensors. This article examines the application of PMUs in smart distribution grids and from the point of view of prosumers.

Conclusion

PMU applications still face many challenges in distribution systems, such as inadequate phasor measurement accuracy and the lack of a communication network infrastructure that can support a large number of sensors and actuators with different technologies, but also advanced and persistent cyberthreats facing critical infrastructures such as the intelligent grid are also exponentially increasing and require a sophisticated defense strategy. In addition to RES and electrical energy storage, active loads such as demand-responsive loads and electric vehicles will also increase. All these factors introduce new challenges in the operation, planning, protection and control of distribution grids. The communication systems used and the pmu calculation algorithm will have to face the growing challenges of modern networks; therefore they will have to be increasingly robust and reliable. This article presents a review of the phasor unit of measurement applied to distribution grids that will radically change in this decade. Above all attention was given to its working principle and the various applications in this context. For detailed analysis, the appropriate references have been cited."