Pollutants in soil can harm soil microorganisms by disrupting their metabolic processes, reducing microbial diversity, and impairing their ability to decompose organic matter and cycle nutrients. This can lead to a decline in soil health and fertility. Despite this, microorganisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling by breaking down organic material, fixing nitrogen, and solubilizing phosphorus, making these nutrients available to plants. Their activities are essential for maintaining soil fertility, supporting plant growth, and sustaining healthy ecosystems.