Normally researchers collect blood from vein, but what is the effect of accidentally collect blood from artery on detecting neurodegeneration markers of Alzheimer's disease, such as NFl o GFAP or Neurogranin?
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Arterial and venous blood differ in their utility for detecting Alzheimer's disease biomarkers due to physiological and biochemical factors. Arterial blood, closer to the brain, contains biomarkers in their original concentrations and may better reflect real-time brain changes, but its sampling is invasive, risker and in certain conditions it can leads to patient death due in proper way collection or not well experience phlebotomist. Venous blood, while easier and safer to collect, reflects cumulative systemic circulation, potentially diluting or altering biomarker concentrations and complicating the interpretation of brain-specific signals. Despite these limitations, venous blood is preferred in research and clinical practice, with emerging techniques like plasma fractionation and neuron-derived exosome isolation improving its sensitivity and specificity for brain-related biomarkers. These advancements help compensate for the challenges of using venous blood over arterial samples.
Accidentally collecting arterial blood instead of venous blood can affect the detection of neurodegeneration markers like NfL, GFAP, or neurogranin, as arterial blood may contain these biomarkers at higher or fresher concentrations, reflecting more direct brain-derived signals. This could lead to discrepancies in measured levels compared to standard venous samples, potentially complicating result interpretation or comparison with established thresholds.
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Hi, Yingzhen He ,
Arterial blood typically has a higher concentration of oxygen and a different distribution of certain metabolites and proteins compared to venous blood. Venous blood, on the other hand, has a higher concentration of waste products (like carbon dioxide) and metabolites that have already been processed by tissues, including the brain.
Some markers related to neurodegeneration might be affected by these differences, especially if they are released from the brain into the bloodstream in response to neurological injury, inflammation, or disease. For example, certain proteins like neurofilament light chain (NfL), tau, or amyloid-beta can be found in both arterial and venous blood, but the concentration and profiles may differ between the two sources.
Venous blood can reflect changes in biomarkers that have crossed the blood-brain barrier or have been released from damaged neurons into the peripheral circulation. If you want to measure markers of the brain, arterial blood is not ideal because it contains very little metabolic end products.
Most markers are usually end-products that after a period of time they need to be removed from the system through the circulation (veins) or CSF, so the veins contain a larger amount of them.
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Dr. He, the metabolism of the biomarkers of neurodegeneration and the impact of hepatic and renal dysfunctions seem to have been little explored. What about
Suhocki PV, Doraiswamy PM. Cerebral venous biomarkers and veno-arterial gradients: untapped resources in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurol 04 January 2023; 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1295122 ...
or exploring diagnostic links to
Herndon RM, Johnson M. A method for the electron microscopic study of cerebrospinal fluid sediment. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1970 Apr;29(2):320-30?
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