I want to know what is difference between "Not determined" or "ND" with "Negative" or "-" in results in microbiology research. I studied a paper that a series of microorganisms were cultured on specific medium and results were shown as "+", "-" and "Not determined".
David Lubkowicz
Well, ND (not determined) means mostly that it hasn't been tested in that condition. For your example, this specific microorganism wasn't cultured in that specific medium. So they cant give any information on it. Neither positive nor negative.
"+" and "-" depends on the context but means mostly "postive" and "negative". In your example I would assume that "+" means they grew in that specific medium and "-" they failed to grow.
Hope that helps.
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