Why dark energy produces a repulsive force field is a bit complicated. Quantum theory says virtual particles can pop into existence for the briefest of moments before returning to nothingness. That means the vacuum of space is not a true void. Rather, space is filled with low-grade energy created when virtual particles and their antimatter partners momentarily pop into and out of existence, leaving behind a very small field called vacuum energy.
That energy should produce a kind of negative pressure, or repulsion, thereby explaining why the universe's expansion is accelerating.
http://discovermagazine.com/2002/feb/cover
In recent years, several papers have been published to solve dark matter and dark energy problems. The emphasis of these papers is on quantum vacuum and faster than light speed. A new theory proposes that faster-than-light particles known as tachyons could answer a lot of questions about the universe. According to a paper published in European Physical Journal C by Herb Fried from Brown University and Yves Gabellini from INLN-Université de Nice, may be a kind of particle called a tachyon.
A tachyon is a hypothetical particle that always moves faster than light.
https://cosmosmagazine.com/physics/can-faster-than-light-tachyons-explain-dark-matter-dark-energy-and-the-big-bang
Motion is an intrinsic property of physical existence. But there is a problem about concept of acceleration in theoretical physics. At the beginning of the 20th century, Newton’s second law was corrected considering the limit of speed c and the relativistic mass. At that time there has not been a clear understanding of the subatomic particles and basically there was little research in high energy physics . It means we need review our understanding about acceleration.
In addition; recent researches show, to solve the problem of dark energy, dark matter and inflation theory, quantum vacuum and faster than light speed should be considered and analyzed, which was done in following book. But regardless to reconsidering the relativistic Newton's second law, how can we resolve the faster than light speed problem? Besides that, the old definition of acceleration prevents the recognition of the nature of acceleration. Due to this reason in 1987, CPH Theory has begun by review the structure of photon, sub-quantum energy and faster than light speed.
Moreover, one could explain the expansion of the universe better and more real through reviewing relativistic Newton’s second law.
For faster than light speed see section 1; review acceleration and the relativistic Newton's second law, see section 5 of following book:
Beyond the Standard Model : Modern physics problems and solutions
https://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/1939123623
if there are dark objects around, then something must generatie these objects. For dark mass quanta such generators exist. These are stochastisch processies that generate the locations of the corresponding embedded artifacts.
For dark energy objects, the generator is far more complicated. However, dark mass quanta might converter into dark energie quanta.
At least, there are two mysteries about our physical theories, one is the relativistic Newton's second that needs to review, and other one is quantum gravity. When these mysteries would solve then we are able talk about dark objects.
For the moment dark energy can be perfectly well described by the cosmological constant. There's nothing particularly mysterious about it at all.
The statement about the contribution of virtual particles is, in fact, meaningless. The reason is that this contribution represents the expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor in a particular state; while neglecting the backreaction of the geometry on the state. So it simply shows that, while the cosmological constant is ambiguous, in the presence of classical matter, it doesn't make sense to appeal to quantum matter for it.
Dear Stam
Your claim is just a guess. Einstein cosmological equation is based on Einstein field equation. Einstein Field Equations do not come from the equivalence principle directly. These equations are simply equations that are suitable for general relativity.
Energy-mass equivalence becomes better comprehensible when the mechanism of conversion of the basic mass quantum (a spherical shock front) into a basic energy quantum (a one-dimensional shock front) is understood.
No guess-the cosmological constant is a part of the description of any spacetime and is completely consistent with the equivalence principle. Einstein's equations aren't suitable for general relativity-they're its definition.
This is all known for, at least, a century, though understanding it has taken some time; but it's in all the textbooks on the subject and it doesn't make sense not knowing it and its consequences.
Whether dark energy does require a component that isn't constant in spacetime remains to be seen; current measurements don't require any such extension.
And it doesn't make sense appealing to any quantum effects, because gravity and dark energy are classical, not quantum notions.
Stam,
Please read Article Rediscovered dark quanta
and try to interpret what clamps are.They are super-tiny gravitational shock fronts. Quite probable also huge gravitational spherical shock front exist. They must be triggered by an isotropic explosion.
Dear Stam
The cosmological constant is an extra term added by Einstein to his cosmological equantion.
Seems you are keeping the cosmological constant and leave cosmological equation. It is a contradiction.
Dear All,
The question what dark energy is can be answered on a totally different way. As I have stated in several threads the assumption that we are the reference of size for the universe is never tested. The assumption that the universe expands is is based on the assumption that we stay constant in size. For rotation and translation we have learned to assume that we rotate or translate and that space stands still. The next step is to understand that we shrink and that space is constant in size. This is 100% compatible with all observations. In this view there is no need for any dark energy. Matter shrinks. Matter observed at z=1 had double the size of its properties. Double length, double weight and double time of processes. When matter shrinks then the mass reduces linear with the size while the volume reduces with the cube. The mass density changes with the square. This can explain accelerated shrinking of matter.
So in my interpretation the answer on the question is: there is no dark energy, there is accelerated shrinking of matter. For more information see in my project.
Regards,
Paul Gradenwitz
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