Alloantibodies: circulating atypical antibodies that are the result of prior antigenic stimulation from previous transfusion of blood products, pregnancy, transplantation and other event. These antibodies are most commonly formed against antigens from blood groups such as Rh (including common antigens D, C, c, E, and e), Kell, Kidd, and Duffy (to name a few, but not all by any stretch). The process of forming an alloantibody is called “alloimmunization.” Alloantibodies differ from autoantibodies, which target antigens present on the person’s own red blood cells. In addition, most people do not refer to naturally occurring ABO antibodies (anti-A, anti-B, anti-A,B) as alloantibodies but as “isohemagglutinins.”
A prime example are the anti-rhesus antibodies a rhesus-negative mother can build up in successive pregnancies with rhesus-positive offspring
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