Well,I you probably need to start by identifying the change of the land cover in a time period. Then you need to evaluate the impact of this change in terms of erosion or loss of soil. To estimate the sediment concentration in the stream you can use Landsat and MODIS imagery. I hope this be helpful.

Dear Vikram

To study runoff from mountainous areas where we have very little or no data , you can use degree day models e.g SRM it uses temperature, precipitation, snow cover etc as an input which you can generate from MODIS LST, TRMM and MODIS Snow cover data respectively i further attached some papers hope these will help you 

Chapter Using Remote Sensing data to estimate and validate Land Surf...

Conference Paper The Importance of Temperature Lapse Rate for Snow Hydrology

You can use Landsat and MODIS imagery.  There are many hydrological models to study impact of land use- land cover on runoff. But you should focus on the  data u have in selecting the model as some models are data intensive.  You can use SWAT and HBV models. Here I have attached two articles which they may help you to be more clear with the two models.

selection of data is depend on area of study area, if study area is large than LANDSAT-9 will ok, if area is so large than select MODIS.

u can use simpal  Model, CNS-CN 

Dear Kishan 

I thinks u wanted to say LANDSAT-8

Hello,

Depends also on your mapping scale.

Landsat images could be used on about 1:100.000 scale.

MODIS images could be used on regional scales.

good luck

Hi,

I agree with others, landsat and MODIS can be useful for land cover and land use change in different scale.

Hi,

I agree with others, landsat and MODIS can be useful for land cover and land use change in different scale.

Dear Vikram

1- Image acquisition

To conduct a LCLU change analysis, you can employ  landsat data (Free) having 30 m reslolution or Spot data (paid) with 10 m resolution even you can acquire LISS4 or LISS 3 data also if you have sufficient funds. 

2- Image Classification

Simple maximum likelihood/ complex random forest or Support vector machinealgorithms could be used to classify imageries of different years and later on comparative study could be performed to quantify changes.

3-To study impact of LULC on runoff 

The SCS-CN methodology is widely used. You need  (a)soil hydrological groups

(b)land use categories (c)tables with CN (curve number) values (d) measured rainfall.

Then define Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) 5 days prior to designed rainfall or measured rainfall and modify CN values according to AMC I, II or III

- use e.g. ArcGIS and HEC-GeoHMS extension to create CN-grid

- them you can create rasters of potential retention, surface runoff depth, contributing areas, surface runoff volume, etc. according to the formulas presented e.g. in the cited works

- compare the results for different time horizons with relevant land use

- you can quantify changes using map algebra in ArcGIS.

(Source : Matej Vojtek, Univerzita Konstant’na Filozofa v Nitre).

Following links may be of use.............

Actually similar problem was mine also. see the following link

How to quantify the impact of land use change on surface runoff or flooding? - ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_quantify_the_impact_of_land_use_change_on_surface_runoff_or_flooding

Best wishes

http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v3/n3/full/nclimate1719.html

data type needed depends on the size of the study area. If your study area is small then high resolution data is appropriate, but if the area extent is large then you need moderate resolution data. Landsat is good for moderate scale, while IKONOS-XS is suitable for small areas. You need first to run image classification using visible and infrared wavebands. these bands proved to be good especially for vegetation cover classification. of course you need to create TIN, slope and aspect maps, then build your weighted model. i hope this may help

The bkti and sustainability statistic I created were designed to be modified to fit various watersheds.  Please take a look. 

ArcSwot may be a viable watershed model that you can use with MODIS or other global satellite lclu datasets with to evaluate the effects on runoff.

CN method u can use for run off

Generate different different CN values for Land use for different year interval  

than u get impact of different land use in runoff   

probably SCS method with CN number will be the solution.

@Krishan Singh Rawat

Do one time CN map is enough or I have to prepare CN over a year. As soil in mountains is not going to be changed at a fast rate if I am correct. Please advice me. Can you also send me some notes or book to get prepare the quick map of CN based on soil?

satellite images that require for work landsat8

Landsat and MODIS imagery

it depends on scope of study and the surface area. regional studies could required moderate resolution images e.g. Landsat 8 or sentinel 2. Detailed studies required high resolution images

Landsat satellites data for long-term temporal analysis and for recent changes,Sentinel 2 for better resolution than Landsat.

Depending on the objectives, for regional studies use MODIS , Landsat satellite data and for better resolution use World View, Geo Eye, Sentinel II data etc.

Based on your requirement and limited data, I also recommend Landsat and MODIS satellite data. You can also use the SWAT (ArcSWAT) for the impacts of Land use-land cover change on runoff modeling.

However, most of the suggestions mentioned above are very helpful to achieve your objective.

Best wishes.

Landsat data is good enough for studying land cover/ land use and also it is available free of cost.