Hello Angel Valdez ,

I understand that your question is about tap water supplied by water utilities. Hence the first step which I would recommend is to take a sample of the untreated tap water for lab analysis as to assess the kind and level of contaminants. In most cases, the untreated tap water along with rain water could be used for low grade applications such as floor cleaning and toilet flushing. For average grade applications such as showering, laundry, dish washing, .. the best first treatment step would be ultrafiltration UF as to retain all solids, bacteria and larger viruses. For high grade applications such as drinking water and cooking an additional filtration with activated carbon AC might be needed as to remove soluble contaminants.

Effective water purification for drinking, showering, and washing combines sediment filtration, activated carbon, and membrane filters like reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration.

Dear Researchers

Re: Dr Angel Valdez ;

The responses(2) given in by 2 Researchers are fine.

I am going to supplement the concepts given already.

Water for use at home come in many forms depending on the uses it is intended for:

Will go for most pure.. to least pure :

1. Potable water for Drinking and cooking

2. Water used for all general needs

3. Water needed for flushing toilets, cleaning house floors Etc

4. Horticulture and Gardens Irrigating at homes,

The above lists the type of water needed for various uses at resilience homes Etc.

As quantity of water is limited., and more efforts needed to prepare category of water being used Etc.

We need to conserve water, and have used water, cleaned up and made compliant for reuse in the same uses category or dropped in level.

The above given notings are assessed, and improved upon as needed

.. wll wshs for future prospects

Prof Ajit Seshadri

School of Maritime Studies

Vels University

Chennai INDIA

In France, tap water is analysed maybe monthly and results are available to everyone. If the health criteria are not met, there are some alerts (I've never seen :)). I do not treat tap water for my own use, in France: for cooking, there is less risk because you boil the water, at least 10 minutes (tea, coffee, etc); for drinking, I drink mineral bottled water; for showering, is it tap water dirtier than the environment? Filtration may retain organics, particles and so on but filtration media may bring other contamination....

to the above add chlorination