What are the solutions to save Iran from war with America and save its economy from sanctions?

The development of the Iranian economy under sanctions. from the US and other countries is considered a prerequisite for the formation of a modern Iranian regime. A brief historical overview of sanctions against Iran is provided. Attention is paid to the development of Iran's nuclear program, in particular the construction of the Bushehr power plant. The position of the President of Iran, M. Ahmadinejad (2005-2013) and other political leaders of countries on the development of nuclear energy, the US position towards Iran, in particular the inclusion of this country in the list of rogue states, was also discussed. The importance of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action signed in 2015 is emphasized. The dubious position of US President D. Trump (2017-2021) regarding peace plans for Iran is reviewed. The situation of attacks on Iranian and other countries' tankers in recent years is reviewed. An example of the international payment system "Fast Track", created by Iran and used by other countries, is given. It shows that Iran has achieved some success in automobile production. It is shown that the country's economy as a whole has adapted to the sanctions. The importance of Iran's political and economic cooperation with Russia, Syria, North Korea and other countries is underlined. Attention is drawn to the relatively closed nature of the Iranian economy, which complicates its comprehensive study. Keywords: Iranian economy, Iranian nuclear program, sanctions against Iran, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, oil industry .General statement of the problem and its connection with the main scientific or practical tasks The Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most powerful countries in Western Asia in political and economic dimensions. It was established in its modern form in 1979 after the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a religious regime. One of the determining factors in Iran's political and economic relations with other countries is that the state religion of the country is Shiite Islam, while in some Islamic countries the Sunni orientation prevails. Iran is an important political player on the international stage in the environment Economic, political and military Measurements Conflict over Iranian attacks Soldiers on tankers have become Evidence of this since from oil The state of the global economy in general and the Ukrainian economy in particular depend on the industry and So the oil industry has been significantly affected by the conflicts in the Middle East The case of Iran seems to be suitable for research. Analysis of recent research and publications that have initiated solutions The issue under study and selection Previously unsolved sections The problems to which the article is devoted. The cases mentioned in the law are listed.These scientists and journalists. B. Hajipour examines the general trends in the development of the Iranian economy. K. Godvaniuk considers London's position on nuclear weapons agreements with Iran. R. Mehdi examines the Iranian payment system and its use outside Iran. Empirical data are presented on selected topics by international organizations, including the IMF and the World Bank. Current events (including new sanctions and conflicts around tankers) are covered in the publications of the BBC, Interfax, Financial Tribune, Tehran Times, etc. In our opinion, the use of sources from different countries (including Iran) can provide an acceptable level of objective research. Precisely taking into account recent events, we will try to consider aspects of Iran's economic development. Formulation of the objectives of the article The aim of the article is to examine the main aspects of Iran's economic development in the conditions of sanctions by Western countries. Presenting the main content of the research with a full justification of the scientific results obtained. The modern Iranian regime has faced many influential political and economic actors in the region and the world since its inception. The hostage-taking at the US embassy in 1979, the war with Iraq, the severance of diplomatic relations with Israel and other measures complicated the international situation of the country. It seems logical to impose sanctions on Iran, to which the country's economy was forced to adapt. Recent events in the Middle East have only made this matter more real. In November 1979, the United States imposed the first sanctions against Iran, freezing $12 billion in Iranian assets and imposing a complete trade embargo. Purchases of Iranian oil were also stopped. The sale of oil, spare parts for military equipment to Iran was prohibited. These sanctions remained in force until the signing of the Algiers Agreements in 1981, the text of which, in particular, contained the following article: "The United States hereby lifts all trade sanctions imposed on Iran effective November 4, 1979, effective today." 2]. In 1984, the US State Department designated Iran as a state sponsor of terrorism due to Tehran's alleged involvement in the 1983 terrorist attack in Lebanon. This led to new sanctions, including a ban on arms sales and any assistance. In 1987, all trade between the US and Iran was banned [3]. In 1995, B. Clinton prevented an agreement between the American oil company Conoco and the National Iranian Oil Company. In the 2000s. Sanctions against Iran were not only imposed by the US. They were more related to Iran's nuclear program. Iran has always said that the nuclear research carried out on its territory is peaceful in nature. Yes, in 2010, the Bushehr nuclear power plant was put into operation. However, the rather ambiguous statements of Iranian President Ahmadinejad (2005-2013) convinced the world that enriched uranium could be used to create weapons of mass destruction. Yes, in 2011. The president said that Iran did not need nuclear weapons, but Washington would regret it.If it enters into confrontation with Tehran” [4]. In Western, mainly American, political discourse, Iran is perceived as a rogue state, a state in exile, that is, a country where basic principles are violated. Human rights and also a threat to international stability Supporters of sanctions against Iran compare it to North Korea, which now has real, not hypothetical, nuclear weapons In 2015, certain achievements were made progress in the negotiations between Western countries and Iran thanks to the diplomatic efforts of F. Mogherini signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, known as the Iran nuclear deal agreement). This document was signed by in addition to Iran, China, France, Germany, Russia, Britain, the United States of America and the European Union. According to it, in exchange for the gradual lifting of sanctions,Iran agreed to reduce its stockpile of enriched uranium from 10 tons to 300 kilograms. In 2018, the United States withdrew from the agreement, largely due to Trump's condemnations that Iran would continue to develop nuclear weapons [5]. Back in 2017, Trump signed the federal law "On Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions," which tightened restrictions on Iran, Russia, and North Korea. In 2019, the International Atomic Energy Agency confirmed that Iran had breached the 300-kilogram limit on low-enriched uranium. Accordingly, it is premature to talk about lifting all sanctions. But even the hypothetical prospect of Iran's return to global oil and gas markets affects prices. Yes, in June 2021 a price decrease was recorded for Brent oil, which experts associated with the lifting of US sanctions against three Iranians, who are engaged in oil trading. Thus way, oil traders who followed the progress of negotiations for the resumption of the nuclear agreement, decided that the lifting of sanctions could

open the way for an increase in the supply of Iranian oil on world markets [6; 7].

Given the sanctions under which Iran lives, the country's economy is developing due to the need to provide maximum independence from the outside world. However, isolation is not as extensive as in North Korea. In 2002, a national electronic banking payment system

was created. In 2017, the payment system had more than 54,000 ATMs across Iran in March 2005. Central Bank of Iran signed a contract with the UAE's ATM network and system to connect these systems to the Shetab network in October 2005. Iran and China have interconnected their banking systems. In May 2008, Iran's ATM network was connected to the ATM networks of Qatar and Kuwait, allowing customers to directly access their accounts in Iran and the Arab countries. R.M. Mehdi notes that as a result of the introduction of the payment system in the Arab countries, as well as Armenia and Turkey, Iran became the fourth country in the world to establish an international payment system [8]. Iran today is one of the most powerful countries in the Islamic world. The country's economy is dominated by the hydrocarbon, agricultural and service sectors. Iran ranks second in terms of proven reserves of gas and fourth in terms of oil reserves. Unlike Norway or Canada, the country is completely dependent on revenues from exports of these resources [9]. Iranian authorities have approved a five-year development plan for the period 2016/2017 to 2021/2022. The plan includes three components: sustainable economic development, scientific progress, and cultural leadership. Among the priorities are: reform of state-owned enterprises, the financial and banking sector, and redistribution of oil revenues. The plan also predicted annual economic growth of 8 percent [9]. The country has a company called Iran Khodro, which produces foreign-branded cars (until 2005, it also produced the Iranian Paykan car). However, 30 percent of cars produced in Iran do not meet quality standards, primarily due to excessive emissions [10].This is despite the fact that not all Iranians are involved in the production of goods and services. The unemployment rate in 2019 was 10.6 percent. Exports are more than imports ($93.4 billion). Against $60.8 billion. in 2018) [11]. According to the International Monetary Fund, Iran's GDP in 2020 was 1,100 billion US dollars. GDP per capita was $13,073. United States [12]. In 2019–2020, significant rates of devaluation of the national currency were observed: only from March to June 2020, the Iranian rial lost 70 percent of its value [13]. The analysis of the Iranian economy is complicated by the fact that the country, like North Korea, or Cuba, hides real statistics related to the desire to circumvent sanctions. According to data from the Carnegie Center, from 2018 to 2021, Iran's daily oil exports fell from 2.6 million to 70,000-600,000 barrels per day. This is particularly relevant to politics. "Maximum pressure" from the United States [14]. A key element of Iran's response to sanctions is the so-called "resistance""Economy" ("Resistance Economy"). According to experts, this concept could help Iran solve some of its long-standing structural problems, such as over-reliance on oil sales, low productivity and the lack of a strong private sector, as well as the resources that include the middle class and people with low incomes to the processes of strengthening economic potential. 5]. Iran's political allies are Syria, North Korea, Venezuela and a number of other countries that are considered unfriendly in the foreign policy doctrine of the United States and its allies. Iran also enjoys the stable political and economic support of Russia. Iranian exports to Russia increased by 105% in 2020 compared to 2019 [16]. China is also helping Iran overcome the negative impact of sanctions: tankers affiliated with the Chinese company China National Petroleum Corporation transport Iranian oil to China. Iranian tankers are transporting oil to Syria, which are sometimes subject to Israeli attacks. In turn, Iran has often been suspected of attacking Israeli and other countries' tankers. Yes, at the end of July 2021, Iran was accused of attacking an Israeli tanker in which a Briton and a Romanian died [17]. Conclusions from this study and prospects for further exploration. Iran’s economic development is largely determined by its natural and geographical location and natural resources, especially hydrocarbons. This is why sanctions against Iran are primarily aimed at restricting trade in oil and gas. Iran has created a national electronic banking payment system that has established ties with other countries, such as those against both sanctioned and neutral countries. Among the reasons for the sanctions on Iran are its nuclear program, which could lead to the creation of nuclear weapons, and its systematic violations of human rights. In 2015, a compromise was reached and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action was signed, but as of today, Iran has not reduced the amount of enriched uranium to the level set in the program.Today, Iran is one of the most powerful countries in the Middle East, but analyzing its economy is complicated by its relatively closed nature.Reasons for the ineffectiveness of US sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran based on political, economic and geopolitical factors Sanctions have been used as a foreign policy tool since the Second World War, as an alternative to war, to change governments or to change their behavior. Since then, the methods of applying sanctions have become more differentiated and complex. Moreover, sanctions are becoming smarter day by day. The history of US sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran dates back to the first year after the victory of the Islamic Revolution (1970). Sanctions imposed on Iran are among the most durable and at the same time the most extensive ones imposed against the government and people of any country in terms of duration and scope and methods of application. The general conclusion is that the imposition of sanctions against Iran, even with different objectives, had a sufficient effect over a long period of time. Their use leads to economic losses, great suffering and suffering of the people. The isolation of Iran, however, achieved the intended goals that were previously defined as the basis for their application. In this article, assuming the ineffectiveness of sanctions (given the lack of change in the government/behavior of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the main objectives of the United States, we seek to examine the reasons for their ineffectiveness. In this article, by introducing political components and examples, economic, technological factors and geopolitical advantages, the arguments for the ineffectiveness of US sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran have been.The US sanctions against Iran are among the oldest in the world. These sanctions began in 1979, coinciding with the hostage-taking of US embassy staff in Tehran, with Executive Orders 4702 and 12170 by Jimmy Carter, and have gradually expanded in scope. Numerous executive orders and various laws are the result of hostile

US actions in the past years Executive orders 12613, 12957 and 12959, 13382, 13553, 13574, 13590, 13599, etc. are examples of the extensive actions that the US has taken in the past years to institutionalize and structure sanctions against Iran. The actions that culminated in the Obama and Trump eras By examining the series of US sanctions against Iran, it can be concluded that US sanctions have not been effective due to the failure to achieve their stated objectives. All sanctions in the past 40 years have been implemented

against Iran with two main goals: one is to change the Iranian regime and the other is to change Iran's behavior. Studies have shown that despite the fact that the sanctions have created many problems for Iran they have not been able to fulfill the main demands of the authors of the sanctions. More precisely, from the point of view of assessing effectiveness, considering that the main intentions of the actor and the initiator are not fulfilled, it can be concluded that despite the fact that the sanctions have created problems for the Iranian economy and society, but for the United States, they lacked the element of effectiveness because they were final objectives; neither a change in diet nor a change in behavior at the macro level has been achieved. According to experts, Iran's influence in the Middle East is increasing and Iran is now a reliable strategic ally in the region.In a report titled “The Revolution Unveiled: A Closer Look at Iran’s Presence and Influence in the Middle East,” the Atlantic Council’s think tank points to new and lesser-known aspects of Iran’s power in the Middle East. According to the authors of the report, four levers—“support for Shiite proxies,” “exporting ideology,” “supplying weapons,” and “creating transnational networks”—are effective in Iran’s regional success against the United States and its allies (Smith et al., 2017). In theory, the logic of the forty-year sanctions should prevent Iran’s regional power and influence from increasing, but in practice this has not been the case. The sanctions appear to have had no effect on Iran.This has various reasons, including political issues, fate, the contradictory

sanctions in the international political economy, the domestic situation of Iran, the behavior of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Iranian nation, and finally the limited ability of sanctions. to play the role of an independent and determining variable (violation of ability). Jones and Portella, in their article “Evaluating the Success of International Sanctions: A New Research Agenda,” take a critical look at previous research on assessing the success of economic sanctions and state the shortcomings of existing studies on sanctions. In this article, they also examine the effectiveness of sanctions from the perspective of the sanctioning country, the sanctioned country, and the international system, and the reciprocal nature of these three components in sanctions. Macon and Mitze, in their article “Geopolitical Conflicts, Economic Sanctions, and International Knowledge Flows,” examine geopolitical conflicts and sanctions on the publication of scientific works. This means that sanctions are no longer just a tool of foreign policy, but also affect other social and economic spheres. Some researchers, examining the sanctions imposed by the United States on nations and some countries, believe that these sanctions have not weakened the sovereignty of the sanctioned countries, but instead have strengthened the power of governance in these countries, and therefore they believe that the sanctions have been ineffective in achieving their goals because the economies of the sanctioned countries adapt to the conditions imposed and the rulers of these countries strengthen national solidarity.