What are the potential factors involved in variation of New Corona Virus (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality among different countries?
What are the factors involved in susceptibility to infection?
What are the factors involved in different death rates among countries?
The genotype of the individual - Mineral nutrition - Weather - lifestyle - Age - viral load
Health conditions, Chemotherapeutic agents which interfere with cell-mediated and humoral immunity or which predispose to the development of infections in a different ways.
BCG vaccine, residues of ivermectin and antiparastic, nutrition, different regulation and laws, hygiene, age, health, virus load and climate
All of them in doubt
The personal behaviour, age and health conditions, in my opinion, are the main factors.
So many including
Immune status, age, environmental pollution and ivermectin residues
First of all: Testing. The number of tests varies significantly among countries. Therefore, the ratio between covid-19 cases and covid-19 deaths cannot be compared easily between countries or sometimes even between regions.
Then, the definition of a covid-19 related death varies. Some countries count only those, that were positively tested (death with covid-19), other countries simply add any case, where a pneumonia was seen.
The statistics published are in some cases not reliable, as political opportunity may interfere with the numbers published or as the statistical office is unable to track all cases.
Related to the number of cases, SARS-CoV-2 infested hospitals and nursing homes for the elderly. That leads to a sharp increase in the CFR observed, as the CFR is much higher above 70 or 80. Obviously, countries with an older population are more exposed to this risk.
If the capacities in ICU is exhausted and severe cases have only partially access to a proper treatment, that may further contribute to an increase in the CFR.
Very useful source of data and plots on the pandemic
https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus
You may follow the link below:
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200401-coronavirus-why-death-and-mortality-rates-differ
In addition to Harasit Kumar Paul 's reference where a most interesting fact, the role of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance, is highlighted, the following NYT summarizes some arguments that relate to the relatively low figures reported from Germany:
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/04/world/europe/germany-coronavirus-death-rate.html
Please have a look at the following RG link.
Article Article history: Cross-Country Comparison of Case Fatality R...
The COVID-19 has three distinct strains. Types A, B & C.
A study by Cambridge University, UK has confirmed during last week, that Covid19 has mutated into three distinct strains, Type A, B and C. Type A is most commonly found in the US and Australia, rather than China, although paradoxically it is the virus most closely linked to Chinese bats which is where Covid-19 is thought to have originated. Type B is found in China and Type C in Europe. Ongoing research will establish variations in infectivity and virulence. These data analyses are pivotal to the way forward. Researchers hope that such this tabulation /taxonomy will facilitate therapeutic medication and a possible vaccine approach.
References:
1. Forster P, Forster L, Renfrew C, Forster M. Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 8]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;202004999. doi:10.1073/pnas.2004999117
Related news : See the first comment.
please have a look at the following link:
Preprint Evolution and variation of 2019-novel coronavirus
Please have a look at the following link:
Article COVID-19: What has been learned and to be learned about the ...
I believe the demographic characteristic of the populations play a significant role. Factors like the prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, HTN, certain ethnicities like African American etc.
It is well known that certain co-morbid condition worsen the outcomes of the disease. Countries with higher prevalence of these disease is expected to have a higher rates of mortality.
More research need to be done to investigate this hypothesis though!
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