Thank you very much, Prof Katie, but I mean the use of internal controls (ICs) to provide assurance that clinical specimens are successfully amplified and detected. The IC nucleic acids contain primer binding regions identical to those of the target sequence and contain a unique probe binding region that differentiates the IC from amplified target nucleic acid.

I'm not sure exactly what you mean by "internal controls". But I recommend you always include a "no template" control by adding water instead of DNA; and if possible at least one "positive" control of a DNA sample that you already know will give a strong band. There are other variations of course, but those are the basics. You are wanting verification that you are amplifying the region of interest and don't have any contamination in your samples.

Thank you very much, Prof Katie, but I mean the use of internal controls (ICs) to provide assurance that clinical specimens are successfully amplified and detected. The IC nucleic acids contain primer binding regions identical to those of the target sequence and contain a unique probe binding region that differentiates the IC from amplified target nucleic acid.

It is a positive test result in this reaction validates the function not only of the shared master mix components tested by an internal control, but also uniquely shows the function of target-specific primers and probes. Upstream processes such as extraction are not tested by this form of control. ... Extraction controls.

When it comes to internal controls, you may find the attached text interesting:

And the attachment