Normally we are writing abstract and conclusion generally. Specifically I expect what are the information we have to include in the abstract and conclusion in the research articles.
The rhetorical structure underlying the abstract encompasses at least five moves some of which are obligatory and some are optional. In the abstract, move one is optional and is used to establish a general background for the topic. Move two introduces the research problem. Move three discusses the methodology required for solving the problem. Move four reports the research findings. Finally, move five, which is also optional, reports the possible implications. Naturally, the conclusion section involves an entirely different rhetorical structure with its own unique moves. The conclusion should report the following :
1) Resrare the research topic and explain why it is important,
2) Breifly summarize main points,
3) interpret the results,
4) Make a logical generalization,
5) Point out implications,
6)Point out limitations ,
7) Provide suggestions for further research
A very critical question.
Overall, as far as I know abstract should include, topic, basic ideas & hypothesis, research methods & sample, as well as findings in brief.
The conclusions, more or less the same, as well as limitations and suggestions for further research.
However, it is always important to check the journal you want to publish for author guidlines.
Hi,
The information in an abstract of a research paper includes the main results of the research, derived from the discussion and the conclusions of the paper. The person who reads the abstract should know what is the subject of the research, what was the research question and/or hypotheses, and what were the results of the research, and if the research question or hypotheses were confirmed.
Different journals have different requirements so check the journal guidelines first. It is crucial that you are clear in your abstract about your contribution to knowledge. You need to return to your contribution in the conclusion.
The rhetorical structure underlying the abstract encompasses at least five moves some of which are obligatory and some are optional. In the abstract, move one is optional and is used to establish a general background for the topic. Move two introduces the research problem. Move three discusses the methodology required for solving the problem. Move four reports the research findings. Finally, move five, which is also optional, reports the possible implications. Naturally, the conclusion section involves an entirely different rhetorical structure with its own unique moves. The conclusion should report the following :
1) Resrare the research topic and explain why it is important,
2) Breifly summarize main points,
3) interpret the results,
4) Make a logical generalization,
5) Point out implications,
6)Point out limitations ,
7) Provide suggestions for further research
it is very important that you stick to the specific “Guide for Authors” of the journal you are submitting to.
An abstract should briefly 1. re-establish the topic of the research, 2. state the research problem/or main objectives of the research, 3. indicate the methodology used, 4. present one or two sentences on the main findings and applications, 5. present the main conclusions.
abstract shoild include a summary of your research , a bout what are you discussing in your paper, the aim, method, findings and result.
Hi,
This is exactly what I teach to my doctoral students to help them write research paper.
This answer is not just my own but is based on reading numerous articles on writing science, all written by leading scientists and English native speakers.
Think of your reasons for reading an abstract. Presumably, as a scientist you are trying to fiugure out whether reading an article is going to be relevant for your research or a waste of your precious time. You exect the author to tell you the content of the article, to announce results and maybe, mention methodology.
Now ideally, the reader who reaches the conclusion did read the article before (not true in real life - I know - never mind). Therefore, the reader just read the content of the article, so please do not insult his/her intelligence by repeating what you just wrote before. He or she knows! A good conclusion, unlike most we can read, is not repetitive. Any sentence starting with somethin like : "As was demonstrated above in this article..." is bad news. In the concluding stage, you have to use what you did demonstrate to show that you made your contribution, that your work is useful and opens new perspectives.
And readers who tend to start with the conclusion should be made to want to read the whole paper, maybe in reverse, starting with the discussion of the results. That is their problem, not the writers'.
Always analyse your own reaction as a reader, do not just read for the informational content, pay attention to rhetoric and you will soon know what good writing is. Listen or read George Whitesides to find out more on this topic.
I agree with @ Reza Biria. One need to consider the five moves in writing an abstract. The conclusion is almost the same as the abstract, but it also includes limitations and suggestions for further research.
Some journals publish abstracts that are written as free-flowing paragraphs, most journals require abstracts to conform to a formal structure within a word count of, usually, 200–250 words. The usual sections defined in a structured abstract are the background, methods, results, and conclusions. It must also include what is not known about the subject and hence what the study intended to examine (or what the paper seeks to present).
hi. in conclusion , the researcher should explain the theoretical and practical implications of the results and findings of the study in detail. focusing on further suggestions and study limitations is a component of conclusion. conclusion is interpreting the results considering the studies cited in review of literature agreeing or disagreeing their views based on the new findings. abstract is the gist of the study with more introduction or background knowledge , niche, aim and results. best
There are five rhetorical moves that can appear in abstracts. A move’s length can vary (from a phrase to sentences) and some moves may be omitted depending on the abstract’s audience and purpose. Move 1: Introducing background or problem Move 2: Presenting current research with justification and/or purpose to fill the gap or niche Move 3: Describing methodology Move 4: Reporting results and findings Move 5: Interpreting results with research implications and limitations best regards”
The illustrations/referred publications as per the following sources may further help:
- Branson, R. D. (2004) Anatomy of a research paper, Respiratory care, 49, 10, pp. 1222-1228.
- Neill, U. S. (2007) How to write a scientific masterpiece, The Journal of clinical investigation, 117, 12, pp. 3599-3602.
- Peat, J., Elliott, E., Baur, L. and Keena, V. (2002) Scientific Writing: Easy When You Know How. London: BMJ Books.
- What is the difference between "the Abstract" and " the conclusion" ?: https://www.researchgate.net/post/what_is_the_difference_between_the_Abstract_and_the_conclusion
Abstracts are also called a small thesis or dissertation that aim at giving a summary of the whole work. It should include something about the problem, the aims, the hypotheses, the procedures, the limits, the value of the study and something about the findings and the conclusions.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Composition Studies
- Articles