Technological advancements are integral to achieving sustainability goals in agriculture today. Satellite and GPS technologies, sensors, smart irrigation, drones and automation, to list a few, provide the means of precision agriculture, which aid in effective resource utilization. One of the most important ways that GIS-based agriculture technology is used in farming is to gather information about a region's crops, soil, climate, and topography by using satellites and drones. Digital agriculture, sometimes known as smart farming or e-agriculture, is tools that digitally collect, store, analyze, and share electronic data and/or information in agriculture.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/New-technologies-applications-methods-in-agriculture-in-Agriculture

Greetings, about the methods, that will depend on the equipment you have available, for example, the SOC and pH can be measured in various ways, from papers with ink colors to advanced ones such as infrared spectrometry. There is a long list of parameters that can be studied according to the objective, as Prem Babbo said, currently they have focused on artificial intelligence, drones, agricultural simulations among others. If you are referring specifically to the quality of the soil, I recommend this study that includes the parameters that are studied and their interpretation.

Thesis Soil Quality Index of the Yauco and San Antón Series, two Mo...