Research shows that tannins can modify microbial populations, consequently altering variables like nutrient digestibility, rumen ammonia-N concentrations, VFA profiles, with potential effects on animal metabolism (Jones et al., 1994; Al-Dobaib, 2009; Krueger et al., 2010). Dietary tannins can modify ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA, resulting in greater concentration oftrans-11 18:1 in the rumen (Khiaosa-Ard et al., 2009; Vasta et al., 2009a). Ghaffari et al (2014) reported that inclusion of 32%

Pistachio by product in the diet of dairy goats increased the concentration of cis-9,trans-11 CLA andtrans-11 18:1 in milk fat

Please read the article here attached with, may resolve your query.

Please read the article here attached 

dear Dr. Ghaffari,

thank you very much for the attached documents. It was failed to download the r1_JPN_12233_review.pdf  file. could you please resent me the same document.

thank you

thank you very much Dr Neeraj Sethiya for your help.

The reply given by Dr. Ghaffari is the answer. In very simple terms it can enhance the availability of amino acids post rumen by preventing the breakdown of proteins in the rumen.

Dear Gayani Herath

Please find the attached file

Benefits of feeding tannin containing tree legumes to ruminants (rumen digestion)

The feeding value value of legume forages is associated with a number of advantages. With Leucaena for example, it provides a valuable source of dietary nitrogen, energy, minerals and vitamins; laxative influence on the alimentary system. The potential value of these forages for ruminants has recently been reviewed (Devendra, 1990b), which showed that the benefits in buffaloes and goats concerning feeding systems in which cereal straws were used. The review enabled the following main conclusions:1) The use of legume forage supplements to cereal straws consistently increased live weight gain or milk production. 2) Of the forage supplements that have been used, the leguminous types have been especially advantages. Present knowledge on the potential value of legume fodder trees and shrubs indicates that together with their diversity, these feed resources are extremely useful for feeding domestic ruminants. The demonstrable benefits are improved performance of animals and reduced cost of feeding.The increase in the intake of materials when animals are supplemented with fodder legumes may be due to increased microbial fermentation in the rumen and subsequent higher rate of passage of digesta through the gastro intestinal tract. The dry matter content of most fodder legumes is considerably low and tend to vary with leaf maturity. This has a detrimental effect on the use of fodder trees and shrubs as a source of metabolizable energy for animals especially when compared to grass species. The low metabolizable energy content of fodder legumes is also associated with the high fibre content of these materials which also tend to reduce protein digestibility in this material.

The value of leucaena leucocephala as a feed for stocK has been documented though all parts of the plant contain the non-protein amino acid mimosine which is highly toxic to non-ruminants. (Norton, 1994a). Presence of anti-nutrients, in particular tannins in fodder trees and shrubs can limit animal performance, particularly when tree/shrub foliages are fed in large quantity. Mimosine acts by interfering in cellular mitosis and the symptoms of toxicity are alopecia, reduced appetite, reduced weight gain and often death. It is known that in areas where leucaena is indigenous (Central America) and Asia, ruminants consuming leucaena appear able to degrade the ruminal metabolite of mimosine to harmless end–products(Jones and Lowry, 1984). However, where leucaena has been introduced to ruminant populations without this adaptation, symptoms of toxicity such as alopecia,excessive salivation, lack of coordination of gait,enlarged thyroid glands (low serum thyroxine) and reduced fertility are often observed (Jones, 1979).