One of the advantages of counting photons over calculating energy they deposit in detector pixels is that it allows the differentiation of multiple materials based on their elemental composition and energy dependence of attenuation. This can improve the contrast and accuracy of imaging applications such as computed tomography (CT).
Another advantage is that counting photons can reduce the noise and artifacts caused by beam hardening, scatter, and partial volume effects. This can enhance the image quality and resolution.
However, counting photons also poses some technical challenges, such as the need for fast pulse processing, high energy resolution, and low dead time. Moreover, the choice of sensor material and pixel size can affect the detector performance in terms of dose efficiency, spatial resolution, and energy resolution.