You answer yourself very well.

Particle physics in particular is

harder and further behind

The biggest problem in modern cosmology in my opinion is that physicists believe that mathematics always represents reality. It can in some cases but certainly not always. Physics can always be represented by maths, but maths does not always represent physics ( ie what is physically possible).

Here is an example :- If it takes 1 man 4 hours to dig a 3 cubic meter hole, how long does it take half a man? The answer is simple, it takes 2 hours. This is mathematically sound but physically impossible, because half a man does not exist.

Yes I realise that it is an oversimplification, but it does get the point across.

My preprints on RG resolve the enigma of the two values of the Hubble constant. In addition they proove that the black hole in Cygnus x-1 is a cosmological constant. They also resolve the "proton radius puzzle", etc.

Dear Tom Hollings,

You have raised an interesting topic: how the content or essence of a process, or what physics deals with, and the form of existence of this process, i.e. mathematics, are currently related. The main criterion for the correspondence of the form of a process (mathematics) to its content (physics) is practice, experience, and experiment. Further. We will NEVER have a process form that corresponds to its content if we construct it (the form) without taking into account the process constraints and its initial conditions. Further. We will NEVER have a process form that corresponds to its content if we construct it (the form) in an inappropriate coordinate system. Total: a physical process will be correctly represented by a mathematical form if the following are correctly specified: 1) a mathematical model of this process, 2) the initial conditions of the physical process, 3) constraints of the physical process, 4) the coordinate system, and all this (1...4) does not contradict experience or at least modeling.

It is shown and/or proposed that:

1. The solution of the Einstein equation of general relativity in the Kerr metric is the most optimal solution among all known and most consistent with the set of experimental data in modern physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.

2. The Hubble constant has a dual nature. It describes two different physical processes with equal success: the expansion of the space of the observable Universe and its rotation. The Hubble constant can be expressed through the main characteristics of the observable Universe. This means that this constant is an internal immanent property of the Hubble sphere (i.e. the observable Universe), and therefore it cannot be a characteristic of dark energy.

3. All physical constants are a reflection of the structure of matter at that structural level at which the scenario of the action of a physical law unfolds. The constants are stable to the extent that the structure of matter is stable. The speed of light in a vacuum can be expressed through the main spatial-energy characteristics of the observable Universe. The fact that the speed of light does not change and is a constant indicates that the structure of the Hubble sphere does not change. That is, there is no expansion of the space of the Hubble sphere, which means there is no dark energy.

4. Observations, experimental data, and calculations show that the Hubble sphere is a slowly rotating black hole. This means that dark energy does not exist, and the kinetic energy of rotation and the Coriolis force create the effect of the presence of a dark mass in nature. This means that there are no carriers of dark mass in nature and their search is counterproductive.

5. Taking into account the rotation of the Hubble sphere, a new model and, accordingly, new basic equations of cosmology are considered.

6. The cosmological constant cannot be a source of dark energy.

7. The structure of matter, accordingly, the structure of the Universe has a hierarchical fractal character. The Hubble sphere is one of its infinitely small structural fractals. With an increase in the number of the fractal hierarchy, the spatial and energy inflation of the Universe increases.

8. Before the Big Bang, the Hubble sphere existed as a slowly rotating singularity point in the space of a senior hierarchical fractal, let's call it gravitational. The source of the Big Bang could have been a collision with a neighboring fractal, which is similar to the Hubble sphere. After the Big Bang, the space of the singularity point expanded to the boundary of the Hubble sphere, after which the expansion process ended. The space of the Hubble sphere and the matter in it rotate with different angular velocities. This is why experiments yield two non-intersecting sets of values ​​of the Hubble constant. Depending on the working fluid of the experiment, one of the sets is grouped around the angular velocity of rotation of the space of the Hubble sphere, and the other set is grouped around the angular velocity of rotation of the matter.

9. Electromagnetic interaction is a special case of gravitational interaction. This is because the electric charge is a function of the moment of mass, Coulomb's law can be expressed in gravitational form, and the units of measurement of electromagnetism can be expressed through the units of measurement of gravity.

10. Time has a dual nature. Traditional or mathematical time, and real or physical time. Real time is real space, that is, space in which mass-energy is present.

11. The gravitational field has a quantum-wave nature. The quantum of the gravitational field is the square of the speed of light in a vacuum. The physical nature of the quantum of the gravitational field is the kinematic gravitational viscosity of the gravitational field of baryonic matter of the observable Universe. A feature of the gravitational wave is its standing nature. If the gravitating object is imagined as a material point, then its gravitational field can be imagined as a set of hierarchical spherical surfaces that are nested inside each other and spaced apart by a quantization step, the value of which depends on the mass of the gravitating object. The quantum-wave nature of the gravitational field is evidenced by the presence of gravitational-electromagnetic resonance in nature.

12. Based on gravitational-electromagnetic resonance, it is possible to create new sources of electrical energy, as well as determine with high accuracy the mass of remote objects in the observable Universe. 13. The structure of the microworld and macroworld is inseparable and interconnected. One of the physical and mathematical factors confirming this inseparability and interconnection is modified large Dirac numbers.

14. The signals of gravitational waves traveling in space, which are formed as a result of the collision of black holes, contain information about their mass. This is because gravitational waves traveling in space are modulated by standing gravitational waves of these black holes.

Gravity, being one of the fundamental concepts of cosmology and related sciences, has two fundamental properties: 1) it bends the space around any gravitating object; this property is described by Einstein's GR equation; 2) creates gravitational viscosity, which slows down the movement of some parts of matter relative to its other parts; this property is described by the Maxwell-like Heaviside equations. The gravitational field has a quantum wave structure. The quantum of the gravitational field is the square of the speed of light in a vacuum. The physical nature of the gravitational field quantum is the kinematic gravitational viscosity. A feature of the quantum-wave structure of the gravitational field is that if any gravitating object (including the observable Universe) is represented as a material point, then a standing gravitational wave is formed around this point. The structure of a standing gravitational wave is represented in the form of hierarchical equipotential spherical surfaces that are nested in each other, centered at a given material point, and separated from one another by a quantization step (the length of a standing gravitational wave). The quantization step is proportional to the mass of the gravitating object. The coefficient of proportionality is the Universal Planck Proportion - the linear rarefaction of the Planck mass, that is, the ratio of the Planck length to the Planck mass. The proof of the quantum-wave structure of the gravitational field is the presence in the nature of gravitational-electromagnetic resonance, which is experimentally confirmed in a ground-based laboratory and space missions, for example, Cassini, Interball 2.

Since electric charge is a function of the moment of mass, Coulomb's law can be represented in gravitational form, and the basic units of electromagnetism can be expressed in terms of gravity units, the electromagnetic field is a special case of the gravitational field. Taking into account that the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field have a quantum-wave character, there is a gravitational-electromagnetic resonance in nature, and the electromagnetic field is a special case of the gravitational field, it is advisable to establish the connection between the Standard Model of physics and the gravitational interaction not on the first basic property of gravity (conditionally - geometric), and on its second property (conditionally - quantum wave). A scientific project becomes a theory only when the necessary and sufficient conditions for its implementation are met: the necessary conditions confirm that the scientific project explains the existing scientific facts of its subject area and gives predictions of their behavior in the future, and sufficient conditions confirm that the scientific project has been tested in practice, in the experiment. In terms of cosmology, since only the Hubble sphere is available for instrumental observations of the Universe, scientific projects related to the unobservable part of the Universe are not theories but hypotheses. This statement is true, first of all, when considering the issues of the general structure of the Universe, the equation of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, the source of the so-called dark energy. Our knowledge about the surrounding world is based on the laws of nature, constants, restrictions, and thresholds for changing variables in-laws. Variables reflect the dynamics of changes in physical processes in nature, and constants reflect the structure of matter at the level at which the scenario of the laws is unfolding. The study of the constants shows that their structure has a fractal character. Accordingly, the structure of matter and the Universe also has a hierarchical fractal character. Observations show that the main structural levels of matter are associated with known types of physical interaction. They are, as a rule, spherical, fractally, and hierarchically nested in each other: nuclei are nested in atoms, atoms are nested in the Hubble sphere, that is, the observable part of the Universe, and so on. It is convenient to name the structural levels of matter according to the main type of physical interaction in them: nuclear, atomic, and electromagnetic. Given that the Universe is infinite, there is reason to believe that the Hubble sphere is also included in a hierarchically older fractal of the Universe, conditionally gravitational. There are also fractals older than gravity. The scale factor of the physical interaction of these fractals is so great that it cannot be fixed by the existing instrumental technologies of mankind. There are basic and transitional fractals of matter and, accordingly, the Universe. Transitional fractals are on the border between the main fractals. Basic fractals: nuclear, electromagnetic, gravitational. Transition fractals: 1) atomic, it is between nuclear and electromagnetic fractals; 2) Hubble-Schwarzschild, it is located between the electromagnetic fractal, that is, the Hubble sphere, and the gravitational fractal. Given the hierarchy, it is convenient to number the main fractals of the Universe: nuclear -1, electromagnetic -2, gravitational - 3, and so on ad infinitum. The fractal number can be used as one of the variants of the modified scale factor of the Universe. Analysis of the physical nature of time according to formulas (68 - 72) shows that time is a real space, therefore it is an attribute of matter, which depends on space and mass-energy in it. This means that in the general case, in all physical formulas, time is a dependent coordinate. In local and limited spaces of the Universe, such dependence can be neglected. In other words, time in this case is the independent variable. On a scale commensurate with the observable Universe, and also (or) at the speed of the reference system close to the speed of light, time becomes a dependent variable. Analysis of the algorithm for the formation of the FLRW metric and the basic equations of cosmology by formulas (1 - 29), taking into account the fact that time is a dependent coordinate on the scale of the Universe, suggests that the Einstein equation by formula (39) is information redundant.

The biggest problem in/of mainstream physics is in that at least partially, but fundamentally essentially, main postulates of all/every mainstream theories are principally purely ad hoc primary assumptions that are based on really principally transcendent – and so illusory and fundamentally non-adequate to the objective reality – interpretations of existent experimental data.

That happens in the mainstream because of that really in the mainstream philosophy and sciences, including physics, all really fundamental phenomena/notions, first of all in this case “Matter” [and so everything in Matter, i.e. “particles”, “fundamental Nature forces” – and so “fields”, etc.], “Consciousness”, “Space”, “Time”, “Energy”, “Information”, are fundamentally completely transcendent/uncertain/irrational, and so in every case when the mainstream addresses to any really fundamental problem, then result is completely inevitably is transcendent/mystic something

- as that are the postulates, which, by definition, determine utmost fundamental basic points in theories, while the theories principally are only logical, in physics – mostly mathematical – derivations of some essential consequences from the postulates.

The phenomena/notions above can be, and are, really scientifically defined only

in framework of the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s really philosophical 2007 “The Information as Absolute” conception, recent version of the basic paper see in

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363645560_The_Information_as_Absolute_-_2022_ed

- and more concretely at application to concrete informational system “Matter” in the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s Planck scale informational physical model, 3 main papers are https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354418793_The_Informational_Conception_and_the_Base_of_Physics

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367397025_The_Informational_Physical_Model_and_Fundamental_Problems_in_Physics

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369357747_The_informational_model_-Nuclear_Force

In the model more 30 really fundamental physical problems, including – what some postulates of some theories are, and which really scientific postulates should be – are either solved or essentially clarified.

So more see the links above, here only some comments to some fundamental problems that are listed in the thread question preface; to

“…- an ambiguous experimental estimate of the Hubble constant;

- correct choice of the coordinate system in cosmological studies;….”

- really here exists the really main problem – all that undoubtedly determined by Matter’s topology in, as that is rigorously shown in the SS&VT model above, the Matter’s fundamentally absolute, fundamentally flat, fundamentally continuous, and fundamentally “Cartesian”, (at least) [4+4+1]4D spacetime with metrics (at least) (cτ,X,Y,Z, g,w,e,s,ct),

- at least in the utmost universal “kinematical” [51]4D spacetime with metrics (cτ,X,Y,Z,ct), more see last SS comment in https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367397025_The_Informational_Physical_Model_and_Fundamental_Problems_in_Physics/comments; to

“…- stability of constants, the maximum transmission rate of physical interaction;…”

- that really isn’t a fundamental problem, the main Matter’s constants, i.e. Planck units and charges of fundamental Nature Gravity, Weak, Electric, and Strong/Nuclear, forces , well experimentally look as are stable in at least last a few billions of years; what was earlier can be answered only after the Matter’s topology problem above will be solved;

“…- dark energy and dark matter;…”

- the “dark matter” problem really isn’t fundamental, it is rather evident that the dark matter particles are some “quite usual” particles that have masses at least a few GeV/c2, looks as rather probably, as that is suggested in the SS&VT initial cosmological model, see 2-nd link, section “Cosmology”, the DM particles differ from observed particles only in that the DM particles have only completely symmetrical Gravity Force charges, and so, as that is postulate in the model, since the DM particles were the primary particles at Matter creation, Matter didn’t contain antimatter at the creation, and so doesn’t contain it now.

“Dark energy” problem is outside physics, which can be only described by experimental data without answer to – so what DE is and why it is as it is; and at that again the topology problem should be preliminarily solved.

The post is long already , so now

Cheers

The listed "problems" are issues with the theory, not actual observations. The observational problems are such as asymmetric rotation corves, the galaxies with rising rotation curves, the low correlation of galaxy redshift with cepheid distance, ALL 10 Pioneer Anomaly characteristics, and, of course, all the ad hoc assumptions.

A major obstacle to scientific progress is the rigid adherence to established solutions, which, if flawed, can lead research astray for an extended period.

I engage directly with some of those deep and unresolved questions you mentioned, particularly those related to the nature of spacetime, quantum gravity, and the unification of fundamental forces with open mind, rejecting some but also connecting some, to open new doors for thinking with old and new. My theory of The Role of Quantum Entanglement in a Quantum-Spacetime Framework: Integrating Loop Quantum Gravity and the Holographic Principle, presents a bold and integrative approach to addressing many of the core issues listed in your text. By proposing a quantum-spacetime framework that incorporates the Holographic Principle and Loop Quantum Gravity, I can offer potential solutions or new perspectives on these longstanding problems in physics and cosmology. The key strength of my approach lies in its ability to unify various aspects of modern theoretical physics under a coherent quantum framework, potentially offering explanations for phenomena that have remained elusive under classical or semi-classical approaches. Metric Tensor in General Relativity and Cosmology: My Theory’s Perspective: In my work, integrating Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) with the Holographic Principle could provide a new way of thinking about the metric tensor. Since LQG quantizes spacetime itself, the choice of the metric might be viewed not as a fixed background but as an emergent feature from the underlying quantum entanglement structure of spacetime. This aligns with the idea that the equations of cosmology might need revision as new quantum aspects of spacetime are understood. Hubble Constant and Cosmic Expansion: My Theory’s Perspective: The ambiguity in measuring the Hubble constant could be addressed by considering the quantum properties of spacetime that my theory proposes. If quantum entanglement plays a role in the structure of spacetime, this might offer an explanation for why different methods of measuring the Hubble constant give divergent results. The expansion of the universe might need to be reconsidered in a framework where quantum effects are fundamental. Stability of Constants and Interaction Rates: My Theory’s Perspective: By integrating quantum entanglement into the spacetime fabric, my theory might suggest that what we perceive as constants (like the speed of light or gravitational constant) could emerge from deeper, quantum-level interactions. This could imply that these constants might not be as “constant” as traditionally thought but could have subtle variations depending on the quantum state of spacetime. Dark Energy and Dark Matter: My Theory’s Perspective: If quantum entanglement is foundational to spacetime, dark energy and dark matter might not be mysterious “substances” but rather manifestations of quantum effects on a cosmic scale. The entanglement structure could potentially explain the accelerating expansion of the universe (dark energy) or the unseen gravitational effects attributed to dark matter. Coordinate Systems in Cosmology: My Theory’s Perspective: The integration of LQG with the Holographic Principle could suggest that our traditional coordinate systems are emergent phenomena rather than fundamental. In a quantum-spacetime framework, the choice of coordinates might need to reflect the underlying quantum geometry, leading to a new understanding of cosmological observations. Cosmological Constant and Vacuum Energy: My Theory’s Perspective: The cosmological constant problem, which involves the discrepancy between the observed value of the vacuum energy and theoretical predictions, might be addressed by considering the quantum nature of spacetime itself. If spacetime is fundamentally quantum and holographic, the vacuum energy might be more accurately understood within this framework, potentially offering a resolution to this longstanding issue. Big Bang and Singularity: My Theory’s Perspective: The singularity at the Big Bang could be reinterpreted in my framework. If spacetime is fundamentally quantum, the initial conditions of the universe might not involve a true singularity but rather a quantum state that evolved into the classical spacetime we observe today. This could remove the need for a singular point of infinite density. Standard Model and Gravitational Interaction: My Theory’s Perspective: Integrating the Standard Model with gravity is one of the central challenges of modern physics. My theory, by incorporating quantum entanglement into spacetime, might provide a pathway toward this integration. The holographic principle suggests that gravity might emerge from quantum information, which could bridge the gap between the Standard Model and gravitational forces. Quantum-Wave Nature of the Gravitational Field: My Theory’s Perspective: The quantum-wave nature of gravity might be more fully understood through the lens of quantum entanglement in spacetime. My theory could propose that gravitational waves are not just perturbations in spacetime but are also deeply connected to the quantum information structure underlying spacetime. Physical Nature of Time and Space: My Theory’s Perspective: The relationship between time, space, and quantum entanglement is central to my theory. By proposing that time and space emerge from quantum entanglement, my theory challenges the traditional, absolute notions of time and space, suggesting instead that these are dynamic and context-dependent.

So let to continue [see SS post above in the thread] to comment the thread preface points

“…- correct choice of the coordinate system in cosmological studies;….”

- correct – and really absolute - coordinate system in cosmological studies can be, and let hope will be, scientifically defined only after the Matter topology problem [see the SS post above] will be solved.

“….- the physical nature of the cosmological constant;…”

- the cosmological constant in mainstream cosmology determinates in the GR equation action/contribution of some “dark energy”, while really “dark energy” [and the natures of other energies that were spent at Matter creation, though] nature is fundamentally outside physics.

“….- representations of the general structure of the Universe;….”

- that is again essentially depends on the Matter’s topology, however here some additional points are, which also are practically completely determined by Matter’s design – first of all why the first energy portion pumping in the primary FLE-lattice was uniform globally, but very essentially non-uniform locally [just so the primary SMBH and further most of galaxies were formed], and at that just so, that Matter’s structure is as it is.

- but that, first of all the design, is again fundamentally outside physics.

“…..- concepts of the Big Bang, singularity point, initial conditions, and limitations; …”

- the “concepts of the Big Bang” again is determined by Matter’s design, and is fundamentally outside physics. In physics cannot be, and really aren’t, any really scientific grounds to explain scientifically from where, by what way, and what the energy itself, some energy, which was pumped in the FLE lattice – and really why, how, and by what energy the lattice was formed, though, was taken, etc.

All what really is possible is only some scientifically rational models of how Matter’s creation could happen, which are based on existent Matter observations – including in the cosmology really about the observation data about Matter after the primary distribution of [baryonic, etc.,] matter in some time after the rather probably really happened “inflation”. Till now there exist unique such model – see the link in first SS post,

- including in this case the problem – how from the symmetrical primary particles the “asymmetrical” matter was created becomes be real physical problem, that looks as is really can be solved,

- since the principal point is practically for sure is clear – that was possible because of the primary particles were completely symmetrical, so in this case the particles could be created by momentums that were directed only along the positive direction of the cτ-axis; , and so had directed along the positive direction angular momentums - as how the observed now matter particles are created and have [while antiparticles, see the SS&VT whole Planck scale physical model, have “negative” their angular momentum directions],

- so by the angular momentum conservation law the created at the primary particles interactions [observed now] particles had the angular momentums as the primary particles [again see the linked above SS&VT model].

Cheers

Since the observable Universe is a slowly rotating black hole, the most optimal solution to the equation of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity is a solution based on the Kerr metric. Taking into account the fact that there is currently no expansion of the space of the observable Universe after the Big Bang and this space rotates, it is advisable to change the basic equations of cosmology to equations that take into account the above facts. The correct solution to the cosmological problem is largely connected with the correct choice of the frame of reference. Depending on the scale factor of the cosmological problem, it is expedient to consider it in absolute, global, local, and limited local reference systems. Time has a dual character. Traditional time, or mathematical time, is a subjective category that depends on the will and consciousness of people. Outside of social society, traditional time is absent. Real time, or physical time, is a complex integral and objective characteristic of areal structured space, in which there is mass-energy. Real time does not depend on the will and consciousness of people. Dark energy does not exist. Its imaginary presence in nature is caused by the effect of the rotation of the space of the observable Universe. The kinetic energy of the rotation of space and the baryon mass of the observable Universe creates the effect of the presence of a dark mass in it. Matter has structure. A feature of this structure is its fractal character. With the growth of the scale factor of the Universe, a fractal inflation of all its main attributes is observed. The real space asymptotically tends to approach the ideal space. The movement of matter is slowed down, but the characteristics of the resistance to movement are reduced. Since dark energy does not exist, the cosmological constant cannot be its source. The gravitational field has two fundamental properties: 1) it bends the space around any gravitating object (the conditional name of the property is geometric), and 2)it creates gravitational viscosity, which slows down the movement of material objects and resists the movement of some parts of matter relative to its other parts (the conditional name properties - quantum wave). It is due to gravitational viscosity that there is no infinite rate of transfer of physical interaction in nature. The maximum possible rate of transfer of physical interaction in the observable Universe - the speed of light in a vacuum, is determined by its main spatial and energy characteristics and the gravitational viscosity of the gravitational field of its baryonic matter. A complete description of the gravitational field, which takes into account both of its fundamental properties, is given by a complex system consisting of three equations: 1) Einstein’s GR equation, and 2) two quantum-wave Maxwell-like Heaviside equations. It is expedient to establish the connection between the Standard Model of physics and gravitational interaction based on the scientific facts that the electromagnetic field is a special case of the gravitational field, both fields have a quantum wave structure, which manifests itself in the presence of gravitational-electromagnetic resonance in nature. Before the Big Bang, the observable universe existed as a slowly rotating singularity. The radius of this point was no less than the Planck length, and the baryon mass was approximately equal to the baryon mass of the observable universe. The Big Bang did not occur as a result of quantum fluctuations of the quark-gluon plasma at the singularity point but as a result of its collision with neighboring universes. The singularity of the observable Universe before the Big Bang was relative and had a structure. This structure included ”packaged” all the existing laws of nature, their initial conditions, and limitations. Since otherwise it is not possible to rationally explain how modern relatively deterministic laws of nature arose from quantum chaos. It is expedient to set the scale factor between the microcosm and the macrocosm in the form of modified Big Dirac Numbers. These numbers are based on the ratio of the main space-energy parameters of the observable Universe and the length, mass, and Planck time. Gravitational-electromagnetic resonance allows you to accurately determine the mass of distant gravitating objects in the observable Universe. Gravitons and WIMPs do not exist in nature. What is perceived as the above particles is a physical property of the gravitational field (kinematic gravitational viscosity) in the case of gravitons or a side effect of the actual physical process (rotation) in the case of WIMPs.

So let to continue [see two SS post on page 1 in the thread] to comment the thread preface points. So to

“…- connections of the Standard Model of physics with gravitational interaction;….”

- in this case fundamentally there are no any fundamental problems, in both – in macro and QM - scales. Gravity is fundamentally nothing else than some fundamental Nature force, which in a number of traits is similar to Electric Force, so, say, classical gravitodynamics will be rather similar to classic electrodynamics, and introducing Gravity Force potential energy, momentum, etc., in QM equations of gravitationally coupled systems of bodies will be also like that happened without some principal problems in QM when Electric Force potential energy, momentum, etc., were introduced in Schrödinger and Dirac equations.

Including that would be in the Standard Model and QGT like QED case – for that it is only necessary to include Gravity in the fundamental Forces list, while till now in mainstream physics and so in SM Gravity Force doesn’t exist, since standard Gravity theory is the GR; but let hope that this fundamental flaw will disappear in physics in not too long time.

However SM and QFTs even of standard [Weak, Electric, and Nuclear/Strong] Forces are based on the fundamentally wrong postulates that the Forces mediators are particles – “virtual” [Z-bosons, photons, gluons] – and, what is again looks as strange – nonetheless in SM real these particles are claimed as are real mediators. That above aren’t unique strange things in the mainstream, another fundamental flaw – in this case in both – classical [now only ED] theory and QFTs is in that EM fields in CED, and virtual mediators in QFTs, are always constantly radiating by Forces charges, and at that contain [EM fields]/ carry [QFTs mediators] energy,

- what evidently violates energy conservation law since can be correct only provided that the charges by some mystic way have infinite energy.

Really, as that is rigorously scientifically rationally shown in the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s Planck scale informational physical models of Gravity, Electric, and Nuclear [probably that is essentially applicable in Strong Force case as well], more see https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365437307_The_informational_model_-_Gravity_and_Electric_Forces

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369357747_The_informational_model_-Nuclear_Force

- the Forces mediators aren’t particles, and so at least at statics, and rather probably at all, don’t contain/carry energy, and so at interactions of material objects in closed systems only the bodies [including particles] own intrinsic energy is spent/redistributed.

Etc., more see the links, the post is rather long already, so now

Cheers

Tom Hollings is right. Theoreticians have completely lost their ways, futilely elaborating further and further away from physical reality, grounding their conclusions on mathematical theories that were not initially grounded on experimental data, and that ignore the initially well experimentally grounded kinematic and electromagnetic developments.

Article From E=mc2 in normal space to E=m0cIcK in the complex config...

So let to continue [see also two SS post on pages 1,2 in the thread above] to comment the thread preface points. Now to

“…- understanding the features of the quantum-wave nature of the gravitational field;…”

- about what is Gravity [and really constructed by the same scheme Electric and Nuclear fields] filed see the last SS post above, gravitational waves – as that EM waves aren’t – aren’t “field” that are intense flows of particles“gravitons”, which fundamentally don’t constitute Gravity fields since aren’t the field mediators – as particles “photons” aren’t Electric field mediators.

“….- the physical nature of time and its relationship with real space;……”

- the really scientific physical nature of time, i.e. that is really scientifically defined in the SS&VTB really philosophical 2007 “The Information as Absolute” conception and more concretely relating to Matter in the SS&VT physical model [links see SS posts above], fundamentally has no any relationships with any, including Matter’s one, real space. More about what is real time see, say, SS posts in

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_you_think_Smolins_real_time_hypothesis_is_a_bad_attempts_or_paradigm_of_reconcukiation_of_physics_and_philosophy_or_proof_of_its_imposibilityand links in the posts

Cheers

The solutions to the problems outlined in the above article are given within the framework of existing theories and are based on experimental data. These solutions do not require additional measurements, transcendental knowledge, dubious hypotheses, and mathematical constructions that are divorced from the essence of physical processes. I would like to draw the attention of respected researchers to two non-intersecting clusters of measurements of the Hubble constant values, the first of which is grouped at the Hubble constant value of about 67 (km/s)/Mpc, and the second is grouped at the Hubble constant value of about 74 (km/s)/Mpc. Considering the dual nature of the Hubble constant, which equally successfully describes the process of expansion of space of the observable Universe and the process of rotation of its space, it can be unequivocally stated that the clustering of its measurements closes the process of expansion of space and, accordingly, closes the problem of the existence of dark energy. The clustering of the Hubble constant measurements is caused by the different working bodies of the experiment in these clusters. In the first case, the working body of the experiment is, as a rule, the relic radiation, which permeates ALL the space of the observable Universe. In the second case, the working body of the experiment is matter (quasars, supernovae, red giants...). This means that the space of the observable Universe and its matter rotates slowly but at different speeds.