To your points (and there are two) :

1) unavailability of references on one subject

It's a good sign. It means that the question you are investigating is new, it uncovers virgin territory.

Now, you have to try harder, investigating with different words, because sometimes the problem has been seen, but different words have been used. How can you search around? Well, make a list of the 2,3 or maybe 5 key concepts (elementary ones) in your query. Then try to recombine these differently, shifting the viewing angle. You may still find literature.

I would conclude my input by naming this "prior art". You summarize what has been done and achieved in your area of interest, then you go beyond through research and you establish new results.

2) Neighbouring domains, other fields

This is the question of interdisciplinary research, or cross fertilisation, taking a proven method in one area of science and applying it elsewhere. For instance a biological method applied by animals, repurposed for man made automated systems. Swarm computing inspired by insect swarms for instance.

It is quite relevant to refer, if you demonstrate how it contributes to solving your problem.

This could be named "inspired by..." where "..." is the domain from which you are importing the tools.

I had an opportunity to use physical interaction fields in solids as a stable model to generate distributions of points on a sphere in large dimension, that was "coding inspired by solid physics". There are so many examples, you're right to consider this.

literature Review are necessary in three areas: building the study scale, describing the problem, and discussing the results, so I think the previous studies are very important.

To your points (and there are two) :

1) unavailability of references on one subject

It's a good sign. It means that the question you are investigating is new, it uncovers virgin territory.

Now, you have to try harder, investigating with different words, because sometimes the problem has been seen, but different words have been used. How can you search around? Well, make a list of the 2,3 or maybe 5 key concepts (elementary ones) in your query. Then try to recombine these differently, shifting the viewing angle. You may still find literature.

I would conclude my input by naming this "prior art". You summarize what has been done and achieved in your area of interest, then you go beyond through research and you establish new results.

2) Neighbouring domains, other fields

This is the question of interdisciplinary research, or cross fertilisation, taking a proven method in one area of science and applying it elsewhere. For instance a biological method applied by animals, repurposed for man made automated systems. Swarm computing inspired by insect swarms for instance.

It is quite relevant to refer, if you demonstrate how it contributes to solving your problem.

This could be named "inspired by..." where "..." is the domain from which you are importing the tools.

I had an opportunity to use physical interaction fields in solids as a stable model to generate distributions of points on a sphere in large dimension, that was "coding inspired by solid physics". There are so many examples, you're right to consider this.

In principle, if your idea is really new then, of course, there will be no or little prior-art to cite. Which may be at the same time exciting and scary:

- Exciting because you might really have something totally new in your hands. Incredible, but possible!

- Scary because it will encounter strong opposition and mistrust, and you will have to work hard to bring the idea to the forefront of attention. This is how it should be, so do not complain! Since false claims are frequent and commonplace, nobody gives a damn about what the author claims - it takes more than words to convince somebody. A practical result, such as a reproducible phenomenon, would be the best argument. Otherwise, if yours is pure theory, you must go much farther than the mere exposition of your idea; you should make a detailed comparative exploration of even far-away areas (there are always some!).

As for the lack of possible references, I am sure that at some lower level of specialization you will necessarily find lots of them. Anyway, if you do have a problem like that, explain it explicitly in the paper (the best place being the Introduction). Say, we have tried hard but we just can not find any prior art for this.

There are no strict and binding rules for writing articles. What they teach you in schools (today) are just recommendations. And keep in mind that the teachers keep being teachers because they themselves never invented anything. They are like the poor guys who try to teach you how to write books about how to get rich.

In my opinion, it is extremely difficult to do a research or study in which you cannot find any literature that can be used as reference. This only could happens if you begin a totally new research in a very unknown area. In any case, you cannot skip the literature review/studies portion in your research. In case that you cannot find any literature in your area of research, then you must say that in the paper to be prepared with the outcome of your research.

In case you find that the literature is available but in some other domain about the same scheme, you must incorporate it with to your own research.

You can use history back from one reference and use back the same references in that article.

Dear Muhammad Asghar Khan ,

This is an interesting question. Following all the great responses.

regards.