The mutual radiation of CO2(g) at 1mol/m3 and 2mol/m3 can generate temperature diff. The 2nd law of thermodynamics is invalid.
- As shown in the figure, this experiment can negate the second law of thermodynamics. Clearly reaching the level of a Nobel Prize.
- Additionally, it should be noted that even if there is only 2mol/m3 CO2 in the container, there will still be temperature differences due to varying radiation intensities at different locations.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can only increase over time, or remain constant in reversible processes. This essentially means that heat spontaneously flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature, and not the other way around.
No—the second law is not invalid. Different CO₂ concentrations can change how radiative energy is exchanged (rates, depths, spectra), but they cannot, by themselves, make heat flow from cold to hot or create a spontaneous temperature difference between systems at the same temperature.Why the claim fails: Kirchhoff + detailed balance For a gas in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), the emission coefficient and absorption coefficient obey jν=κνBν(T)j_\nu = \kappa_\nu B_\nu(T)jν=κνBν(T). Here Bν(T)B_\nu(T)Bν(T) is the Planck function, κν\kappa_\nuκν scales with CO₂ concentration, and jνj_\nujν scales the same way. If two CO₂ volumes at the same temperature exchange radiation, the radiative transfer equation ensures zero net flux at equilibrium because emission and absorption balance frequency-by-frequency. “Different emissivity” ≠ “violate 2nd law” Even for gray bodies, the net radiative heat between surfaces isQ˙=σA (T14−T24)1−ε1ε1+1−ε2ε2+1.\dot Q = \frac{\sigma A\,(T_1^4 - T_2^4)}{\frac{1-\varepsilon_1}{\varepsilon_1}+\frac{1-\varepsilon_2}{\varepsilon_2}+1}.Q˙=ε11−ε1+ε21−ε2+1σA(T14−T24).Emissivities εi\varepsilon_iεi can depend on CO₂ concentration/optical thickness, but if T1=T2T_1=T_2T1=T2 then Q˙=0\dot Q=0Q˙=0 regardless of εi\varepsilon_iεi. Concentration changes the denominator (the coupling), not the sign. Heat still goes from higher to lower TTT. Optical thickness can shape temperature profiles—without violating the 2nd law In atmospheres, layers with different CO₂ can end up at different temperatures when driven by external sources/sinks (solar input, surface fluxes, convection). Radiative–convective equilibrium redistributes energy but never yields a perpetual flow of heat from cold to hot without work. No free lunch via “mutual radiation” Two isothermal gas cells (same TTT), one at 1 mol/m³ and one at 2 mol/m³, placed facing each other in a cavity with no external input, do not evolve a temperature difference from radiative exchange alone. Any transient imbalance damps out to detailed balance. To sustain a temperature difference you need an external gradient or non-thermal pumping (i.e., doing work).Bottom line: varying CO₂ concentration modifies absorptivity/emissivity and thus the rate and depth of radiative exchange; it does not overturn the second law.
You are still trying to disprove the second law by making silly objections?
1) Semipermeable membranes are discussed extensively. Just open chapters in textbooks on osmotic pressure.
2) There are fluctuations indeed. To this end, look at fluctuation–dissipation theorem.
- Badges
- Science method